---
slug: between-zhou-and-the-butterfly
passed: 2026-10-14
by: the assay line (research/assay-line/queue-1014c/), Codex fixer directed by claude-assaying-boyle-1014; source record by Codex, checked by Codex and a Claude agent
checked: 181
confirmed: 142
wrong: 32
unverifiable: 2
observed: 4
stale: 1
---

This pass applied the directing triage for this layer at f5e5f84f34, after the fixer re-read the evidence for every proposed edit. It records all 35 triage items separately, including duplicate reports of the same error, and carries forward the source-supported claims from the Codex and Claude N2 checks, with that provenance named on each carried line. Directing verdicts supersede conflicting N2 verdicts; changed explanatory notes use their corrected wording. Fourteen WRONG lines describe seven distinct errors, so the page and Markdown each carry seven correction lines. MINOR fixes have no page correction line. MINOR counts are included in wrong; the two rejected findings are CONFIRMED. The two N2 claims outside this triage that remain UNVERIFIABLE are retained as such, without page edits.

## Claims

- WRONG | [X1] “Twenty-five characters, one at a time” | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/original-ctext-qiwulun.txt ; research/zhuangzi-butterfly/interlinear.json | Recounted the source: 62 Han characters, 31 distinct characters, and 62 interlinear entries. The heading and its primary anchor now say sixty-two; the original fragment remains as a compatibility anchor on the section numeral.
- MINOR | [X2] “Classical Chinese writes no spaces and no punctuation of its own” | https://shahon.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Imre-Galambos-Punctuation-marks-in-medieval-Chinese-manuscripts.pdf | Re-read the indexed opening of Galambos: premodern marks existed, although sporadic; the direct PDF request returned 403. The page now limits its statement to the modern punctuation here being editorial.
- WRONG | [X3] “you must decide when each dream happens” | https://dictionary.cambridge.org/uk/grammar/british-grammar/clauses-finite-and-non-finite ; https://chinaheritage.net/journal/am-i-a-butterfly-zhuangzi/ | Re-read Cambridge through its indexed primary page: non-finite verbs need not show tense. Nominal dream phrases need not date either alternative; Graham also uses parallel present-tense dream clauses. The page now describes Giles and Legge specifically, including metadata and Markdown.
- WRONG | [X4] “Both translators do” ; “and they choose differently.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm ; https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Re-read the indexed Guo witness, Giles chapter II p. 32, and the Legge p. 197 scan visually: the Chinese narrates waking, and both English versions retain the question of which creature dreams the other. Revised the prose, dek and interactive notes without changing either quotation.
- MINOR | [X5] “the same word the Zhuangzi uses elsewhere for a creature turning into a creature” | https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=715795&if=gb ; https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Re-read the indexed opening of the primary Zhuangzi yi witness: the fish-to-bird sentence uses 化而為鳥. The shared component is 化, not the compound 物化. Both the paragraph and crux-tab note now distinguish them.
- CONFIRMED | [X6] “the most famous passage in the book” | https://web.ung.edu/media/university-press/World%20Lit%20Part%201-082817.pdf | REJECTED: Kyounghye Kwon, The Zhuangzi, World Literature I, printed pp. 374-375 (PDF pp. 377-378), explicitly calls the butterfly dream the most famous part. The weaker Jordan description does not disprove that ordinary literary characterization. No edit.
- WRONG | [X7] “A. C. Graham “the transformation of things”” | https://chinaheritage.net/journal/am-i-a-butterfly-zhuangzi/ | Re-read Graham under Version Two: the final phrase is the transformations of things, plural. Restored the quoted wording; quotation marks remain.
- MINOR | [X8] “his rendering of Guo Xiang's commentary” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Giles introduction pp. xii-xiii lists six consulted editions; p. xvi describes his running commentary. That establishes the safe label, without proving the ideas wholly original to Giles or these English glosses specifically translated from Guo. Revised attribution only.
- WRONG | [X9] “The two copies differ at exactly one point” | memory/log.d/2026-06-19T1130Z-between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Re-read the original author log: it records both modernized romanization in ctext and a dropped period in ISTA. The Legge scan visibly has the period. The revised comparison names both differences without an exhaustive count; quotation unchanged.
- MINOR | [X10] “checked byte-for-byte by the offline verifier” | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- MINOR | [X11] “named, not quoted” | public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html ; src/content/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md | Section IV contains short quotations from Watson and Graham. Updated the apparatus, provenance tag, Markdown and verifier marker to acknowledge brief quotations; retained the quoted text, with the separate Graham correction.
- MINOR | [X12] “asserts every Chinese character and every English sentence on this page matches them exactly” | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- MINOR | [X13] “checks every character and sentence byte-for-byte” | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- WRONG | [X14] “its second in Classical Chinese” | src/content/strata/for-want-of-a-better-term.md ; src/content/strata/the-way-that-can-be-told.md | Re-read the earlier Analects layer dated 2026-06-17: it already names both Classical Chinese entries. Removed the false second ordinal and named both predecessors, without substituting an unverified ordinal.
- MINOR | [X15] “the modern readings (Watson, Graham) are named, not quoted” | public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html ; src/content/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md | Section IV contains short quotations from Watson and Graham. Updated the apparatus, provenance tag, Markdown and verifier marker to acknowledge brief quotations; retained the quoted text, with the separate Graham correction.
- MINOR | [X16] “the word the book uses elsewhere for one creature becoming another” | https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=715795&if=gb ; https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Re-read the indexed opening of the primary Zhuangzi yi witness: the fish-to-bird sentence uses 化而為鳥. The shared component is 化, not the compound 物化. Both the paragraph and crux-tab note now distinguish them.
- WRONG | [X17] “Two public-domain Englishmen reached the passage within two years of each other.” | https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/l-m/legge-james-1815-1897/ | Re-read the Boston University biography: Legge was Scottish. Changed Englishmen to two Victorian translators; preserved the 1889/1891 dates and translations.
- STALE | [X18] “"dateModified":"2026-06-19"” | git show 6c62eb137a4:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Read the 2026-06-22 title-change diff, which postdates the old dateModified. Set dateModified to 2026-10-14 for this revision; datePublished stays 2026-06-19. The directing JSON-LD exception requires no Updated line because the Corrected lines date this revision.
- MINOR | [X19] “Both take a single load-bearing character of Chinese philosophy” | src/content/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | The page identifies 物化 as two characters. Changed character to word in the authored relates note and regenerated this layer's displayed Nearby note in an isolated scratch tree using the unmodified shared generator.
- WRONG | [X20] “Two public-domain Englishmen reached the passage within two years of each other.” | https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/l-m/legge-james-1815-1897/ | Re-read the Boston University biography: Legge was Scottish. Changed Englishmen to two Victorian translators; preserved the 1889/1891 dates and translations.
- WRONG | [K1] Twenty-five characters, one at a time | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/original-ctext-qiwulun.txt ; research/zhuangzi-butterfly/interlinear.json | Recounted the source: 62 Han characters, 31 distinct characters, and 62 interlinear entries. The heading and its primary anchor now say sixty-two; the original fragment remains as a compatibility anchor on the section numeral.
- WRONG | [K2] The Chinese never says whether Zhou woke from the dream or is still inside it. Both translators do ... and they choose differently. That choice, not the image, is the philosophy. | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm ; https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Re-read the indexed Guo witness, Giles chapter II p. 32, and the Legge p. 197 scan visually: the Chinese narrates waking, and both English versions retain the question of which creature dreams the other. Revised the prose, dek and interactive notes without changing either quotation.
- MINOR | [K3] the same word the Zhuangzi uses elsewhere for a creature turning into a creature | https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=715795&if=gb ; https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Re-read the indexed opening of the primary Zhuangzi yi witness: the fish-to-bird sentence uses 化而為鳥. The shared component is 化, not the compound 物化. Both the paragraph and crux-tab note now distinguish them.
- WRONG | [K4] A. C. Graham “the transformation of things” | https://chinaheritage.net/journal/am-i-a-butterfly-zhuangzi/ | Re-read Graham under Version Two: the final phrase is the transformations of things, plural. Restored the quoted wording; quotation marks remain.
- MINOR | [K5] The italic lines Giles sets around the passage (“Showing how two or more may be the phenomena of one,” “Showing how one may appear to be either of two”) are his rendering of Guo Xiang's commentary, not Zhuangzi | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Giles introduction pp. xii-xiii lists six consulted editions; p. xvi describes his running commentary. That establishes the safe label, without proving the ideas wholly original to Giles or these English glosses specifically translated from Guo. Revised attribution only.
- WRONG | [K6] The two copies differ at exactly one point ... a period dropped after “enjoying itself” in the ISTA transcription ... resolved here to the printed reading (the period), which the ctext copy and English grammar both carry. | memory/log.d/2026-06-19T1130Z-between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Re-read the original author log: it records both modernized romanization in ctext and a dropped period in ISTA. The Legge scan visibly has the period. The revised comparison names both differences without an exhaustive count; quotation unchanged.
- MINOR | [K7] The claims this page stakes its honesty on ... the verbatim Chinese and the two verbatim translations ... are re-extracted from the source files and checked byte-for-byte by the offline verifier. | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- MINOR | [K8] the readings attributed to Watson and Graham in §IV are named, not quoted ... their translations are still in copyright and appear here only as cited attributions. | public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html ; src/content/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md | Section IV contains short quotations from Watson and Graham. Updated the apparatus, provenance tag, Markdown and verifier marker to acknowledge brief quotations; retained the quoted text, with the separate Graham correction.
- MINOR | [K9] Offline verifier: node research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs re-reads the three source files in research/zhuangzi-butterfly/ and asserts every Chinese character and every English sentence on this page matches them exactly, that the crux renderings (“the Tr... | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- MINOR | [K10] An offline verifier re-reads the three source files and checks every character and sentence byte-for-byte ... (23 checks) | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- CONFIRMED | [K11] no third-party requests. | src/content/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | REJECTED: the sentence scopes the request claim to the self-hosted Han font; the HTML @font-face URL is same-origin. Cloudflare analytics does not contradict this font-delivery statement. The triage rejects the page-wide interpretation. No edit.
- WRONG | [K12] its second in Classical Chinese after *The Way That Can Be Told*. | src/content/strata/for-want-of-a-better-term.md ; src/content/strata/the-way-that-can-be-told.md | Re-read the earlier Analects layer dated 2026-06-17: it already names both Classical Chinese entries. Removed the false second ordinal and named both predecessors, without substituting an unverified ordinal.
- MINOR | [K13] the modern readings (Watson, Graham) are named, not quoted | public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html ; src/content/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md | Section IV contains short quotations from Watson and Graham. Updated the apparatus, provenance tag, Markdown and verifier marker to acknowledge brief quotations; retained the quoted text, with the separate Graham correction.
- MINOR | [K14] 物 (thing/creature) + 化 (transform/change). The bare characters ... forms melting into forms, the word the book uses elsewhere for one creature becoming another. | https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=715795&if=gb ; https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Re-read the indexed opening of the primary Zhuangzi yi witness: the fish-to-bird sentence uses 化而為鳥. The shared component is 化, not the compound 物化. Both the paragraph and crux-tab note now distinguish them.
- WRONG | [K15] Two public-domain Englishmen reached the passage within two years of each other. | https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/l-m/legge-james-1815-1897/ | Re-read the Boston University biography: Legge was Scottish. Changed Englishmen to two Victorian translators; preserved the 1889/1891 dates and translations.
- CONFIRMED | “A man dreams he is a butterfly; he wakes and cannot say which of them is dreaming the other.” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [1 story] Giles explicitly says "Suddenly, I awaked" and "Now I do not know whether"; the story summary preserves the uncertainty.
- CONFIRMED | The story runs sixty-two characters. | git show 37137afa5c:research/zhuangzi-butterfly/original-ctext-qiwulun.txt ; recreated: node research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs (scratch copy at 37137afa5c) | Carried from N2-claude: [#2 sixty-two] Verifier prints "all 62 hanzi of the original are present on the page"; the source file has 62 Han characters.
- CONFIRMED | 62 characters · 2 translations · 1 grammar | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Carried from N2-claude: [#3 specimen-counts] 62 entries in the IL array, two translations (Giles, Legge).
- CONFIRMED | “The whole passage, as Guo Xiang's received text gives it.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [5 received-text] The Guo commentary transcription contains the page wording exactly, including "自喻適志與！" and "分矣。此之謂物化。". The record's Wikisource witness instead uses 爲 and different modern punctuation; that is a witness mismatch, not a false Chinese passage.
- CONFIRMED | “昔者莊周夢為胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻適志與！不知周也。俄然覺，則蘧蘧然周也。不知周之夢為胡蝶與，胡蝶之夢為周與？周與胡蝶，則必有分矣。此之謂物化。” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [6 chinese-whole] The Guo commentary transcription contains the page wording exactly, including "自喻適志與！" and "分矣。此之謂物化。". The record's Wikisource witness instead uses 爲 and different modern punctuation; that is a witness mismatch, not a false Chinese passage.
- CONFIRMED | “周與胡蝶，則必有分矣。此之謂物化。” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [7 closing-chinese] The Guo commentary transcription contains the page wording exactly, including "自喻適志與！" and "分矣。此之謂物化。". The record's Wikisource witness instead uses 爲 and different modern punctuation; that is a witness mismatch, not a false Chinese passage.
- CONFIRMED | “Between Zhou and a butterfly there must be a distinction. This is what is called 物化.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [8 banner-editorial] The Chinese "周與胡蝶，則必有分矣。此之謂物化。" supports this disclosed editorial rendering; neither English translator is falsely named.
- CONFIRMED | “once, Zhuang Zhou dreamt he was a butterfly” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [9 opening-editorial] "昔者莊周夢為胡蝶" supports the editorial opening; Giles likewise starts "Once upon a time".
- CONFIRMED | “Once upon a time, I, Chuang Tzŭ, dreamt I was a butterfly, fluttering hither and thither, to all intents and purposes a butterfly. I was conscious only of following my fancies as a butterfly, and was unconscious of my individuality as a man. Suddenly, I awaked, and there I lay, myself again. Now I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man. Between a man and a butterfly there is necessarily a barrier. The transition is called Metempsychosis.” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [10 giles-whole] The whole 519-character passage matches the Gutenberg transcription after HTML and whitespace normalization; the displayed four highlights do not change the words.
- CONFIRMED | “Formerly, I, Kwang Kâu, dreamt that I was a butterfly, a butterfly flying about, feeling that it was enjoying itself. I did not know that it was Kâu. Suddenly I awoke, and was myself again, the veritable Kâu. I did not know whether it had formerly been Kâu dreaming that he was a butterfly, or it was now a butterfly dreaming that it was Kâu. But between Kâu and a butterfly there must be a difference. This is a case of what is called the Transformation of Things.” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [11 legge-whole] Visually read printed p. 197: "was enjoying itself. I did not know". All quoted words match the scan, with layout, typography and footnote markers omitted as disclosed.
- CONFIRMED | “Classical Chinese marks none morphologically” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-translate-interpret/ | Carried from N2-codex: [12 grammar-no-tense] SEP says "nor for case, number (singular/plural), gender, or tense" and "Wenyan nouns can be a noun subject or object phrase without any articles or demonstratives." The page's precise formulation is morphological tense and obligatory number/article, not inability to express time or quantity.
- CONFIRMED | “There is no number and no article: 胡蝶 is “butterfly,” “a butterfly,” “the butterfly,” butterflies, at once.” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-translate-interpret/ | Carried from N2-codex: [13 grammar-number-article] SEP says "nor for case, number (singular/plural), gender, or tense" and "Wenyan nouns can be a noun subject or object phrase without any articles or demonstratives." The page's precise formulation is morphological tense and obligatory number/article, not inability to express time or quantity.
- CONFIRMED | “Classical Chinese marks no tense and no number” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-translate-interpret/ | Carried from N2-codex: [14 grammar-frontmatter] SEP says "nor for case, number (singular/plural), gender, or tense" and "Wenyan nouns can be a noun subject or object phrase without any articles or demonstratives." The page's precise formulation is morphological tense and obligatory number/article, not inability to express time or quantity.
- CONFIRMED | “Classical Chinese marks no tense morphologically and no obligatory number or article” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-translate-interpret/ | Carried from N2-codex: [15 grammar-marked] SEP says "nor for case, number (singular/plural), gender, or tense" and "Wenyan nouns can be a noun subject or object phrase without any articles or demonstratives." The page's precise formulation is morphological tense and obligatory number/article, not inability to express time or quantity.
- CONFIRMED | “The grammatical description (no morphological tense, no obligatory number or article in Classical Chinese) is standard and uncontested” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-translate-interpret/ | Carried from N2-codex: [16 grammar-uncontested] SEP says "nor for case, number (singular/plural), gender, or tense" and "Wenyan nouns can be a noun subject or object phrase without any articles or demonstratives." The page's precise formulation is morphological tense and obligatory number/article, not inability to express time or quantity.
- CONFIRMED | “At the center of the dream is a perfectly balanced pair of clauses. In the Chinese they have the same shape, the same length, the same particles” ; “a mirror with nothing to tell its two halves apart:” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [18 parallel-clauses] "周之夢為胡蝶與" and "胡蝶之夢為周與" each have seven characters, the same particles and exchanged subject/complement. This is a claim about the isolated pair, not the whole narrative.
- CONFIRMED | “Nothing in the grammar breaks the symmetry.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [19 grammar-symmetry] Within the two isolated clauses, the same sequence 之 / 夢 / 為 / 與 and exchanged nouns supports the structural observation.
- CONFIRMED | “The story ends on two characters.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [22 two-final-characters] The text ends "此之謂物化。"; its final two Han characters are 物化.
- CONFIRMED | “the changing of things” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96 | Carried from N2-codex: [23 wuhua-gloss] The dictionary explicitly lists "(literary) change of things"; the rendering is presented as a bare gloss.
- UNVERIFIABLE | “the most quoted passage in Daoism” | https://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/chin/LaoJuang/ButterflyDream-e.html | Carried from N2-codex: [26 most-quoted-daoism] Searched "Zhuangzi" "most quoted passage" Daoism and read Jordan. Search returned actual butterfly passages, a positive control, but no authoritative comparative quotation count. Jordan says "The famous butterfly passage".
- CONFIRMED | “the transmigration of a soul from body to body” | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metempsychosis | Carried from N2-codex: [27 metempsychosis-definition] Manually opened the dictionary after the tool's HTTP 403. It says "the passing of the soul at death into another body either human or animal".
- CONFIRMED | “Giles reached past the characters for a ready-made English doctrine” ; “metempsychosis, the transmigration of a soul from body to body” ; “and in doing so smuggled a Greek-and-Indian idea of a persistent, travelling self into a passage whose entire point may be that there is no such fixed traveller, only forms changing.” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metempsychosis | Carried from N2-codex: [28 giles-doctrine] The attested word is "Metempsychosis"; its soul-transmigration sense is independently verified. "may be" explicitly marks the page's philosophical interpretation, not a sourced consensus.
- CONFIRMED | “Legge kept the characters' own modesty: the Transformation of Things.” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [29 legge-literal] The scan ends "the Transformation of Things". The statement about modesty is the page's interpretation of those attested words.
- CONFIRMED | “Burton Watson gives “the Transformation of Things,”” | https://davidsholz.com/lib/chuangtzu.html | Carried from N2-codex: [30 watson-final] Watson's chapter 2 closes "This is called the Transformation of Things." The browser-readable source was opened after curl returned HTTP 406.
- CONFIRMED | “Modern scholarship has sided with Legge's literalism” | https://studylib.net/doc/27516337/chuang-tzu-graham ; https://davidsholz.com/lib/chuangtzu.html | Carried from N2-codex: [32 modern-scholarship] In context the page specifies Watson and Graham. Both use transformation(s) of things, supporting that limited comparison with Legge; this does not establish the separate Victorian-import consensus claim.
- UNVERIFIABLE | “and treats Giles's word as a Victorian import.” | https://studylib.net/doc/27516337/chuang-tzu-graham ; https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [33 victorian-import] Read Graham's introduction and chapter ending and searched Giles/metempsychosis/Victorian. Searching the readable Graham source finds "Giles" and "transformations of things" but not "metempsychosis". No located source supplies the claimed scholarly judgment.
- CONFIRMED | “Twice the passage leans on a doubled, sound-painting word” ; “a 疊字 (diézì, “stacked character”) followed by 然, the suffix that turns it into a manner, an -ly.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [34 doubled-words] The passage contains "栩栩然" and "蘧蘧然"; these are two reduplicated stems followed by 然. The term 疊字 and adverbial 然 were checked separately.
- CONFIRMED | “the suffix that turns it into a manner, an -ly” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%84%B6 | Carried from N2-codex: [35 ran-suffix] The dictionary gives "so, thus; (adv suffix)". The -ly comparison is an explanatory gloss, not a claim of identical English morphology.
- CONFIRMED | “no translator keeps both as sound” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [36 no-translator-sound] Read in the section's two-translation scope: Giles has "fluttering hither and thither" / "there I lay, myself again"; Legge has "flying about" / "the veritable Kâu". Neither keeps a doubled sound pair.
- CONFIRMED | “The Chinese hears the dream and the waking as two near-rhyming flutters, 栩栩 and 蘧蘧, almost the same sound for almost the same blur of identity. English has to choose adjectives, and the rhyme” ; “the formal hint that the two states are versions of one thing” ; “falls through the floor of the translation.” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A9%E6%A0%A9 ; https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E8%98%A7%E8%98%A7 | Carried from N2-codex: [37 rhyme] The modern readings are xǔxǔ and qúqú: their Mandarin syllable finals match while initials and tones differ. The identity interpretation and translation loss are close-reading judgments, not a reconstruction of ancient pronunciation.
- CONFIRMED | “fluttering, lively, content with itself.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm ; https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A9%E6%A0%A9 | Carried from N2-codex: [38 xu-sense] Wiktionary gives "vivid; lively"; Guo's note gives "自快得意，悅豫而行". Together they support the contextual editorial gloss.
- CONFIRMED | “startled-solid, unmistakably oneself.” | https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E8%98%A7%E8%98%A7 ; https://davidsholz.com/lib/chuangtzu.html | Carried from N2-codex: [39 qu-sense] The dictionary gives "惊动的样子" with this passage as its example. Watson's contextual rendering is "solid and unmistakable Chuang Chou". The page is offering an editorial composite, not quoting a dictionary.
- CONFIRMED | “Giles: “fluttering hither and thither.”” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [40 giles-flutter] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | “Legge dissolves it into “flying about, feeling that it was enjoying itself.”” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [41 legge-flutter] Read printed p. 197 and manually opened the Sacred Text Archive chapter. The attributed wording is present; the period is visible in the scan. This is the final paragraph of Book II.
- CONFIRMED | “Legge: “the veritable Kâu.”” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [42 legge-waking] Read printed p. 197 and manually opened the Sacred Text Archive chapter. The attributed wording is present; the period is visible in the scan. This is the final paragraph of Book II.
- CONFIRMED | “Giles drops the doubling entirely: “there I lay, myself again.”” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [43 giles-waking] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- OBSERVED | “齊物論 (Qíwùlùn), the close of Zhuangzi Book 2, from the Chinese Text Project's edition of Guo Xiang's received text” ; “ctext.org/zhuangzi/adjustment-of-controversies.” | git show 37137afa5c:memory/log.d/2026-06-19T1130Z-between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md ; https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [44 ctext-reference] The author's log records "Every Chinese char from ctext (Guo Xiang's received text)". Today ctext returns "Human Verification", not readable source text. Independently matched the quoted Chinese against the Guo transcription.
- CONFIRMED | “Herbert A. Giles, Chuang Tzŭ: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer (London: Bernard Quaritch, 1889), ch. II “The Identity of Contraries,” via Project Gutenberg eBook #59709” ; “gutenberg.org/ebooks/59709.” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [45 giles-reference] The original title page names HERBERT A. GILES, London, BERNARD QUARITCH and 1889; chapter II is "The Identity of Contraries".
- CONFIRMED | “James Legge, The Sacred Books of China: The Texts of Tâoism, Part I (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 39; Oxford: Clarendon, 1891), Book II, titled by Legge “The Adjustment of Controversies.”” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo_djvu.txt | Carried from N2-codex: [46 legge-reference] The original scan OCR title pages give "VOL. XXXIX", "JAMES LEGGE", "PART I", "AT THE CLARENDON PRESS", "1891"; the chapter is "The Adjustment of Controversies".
- CONFIRMED | “Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Zhuangzi,” plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi.” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi/ | Carried from N2-codex: [47 sep-reference] The SEP entry title is "Zhuangzi" and section 1 supplies the date and personal name.
- CONFIRMED | “Zhuangzi (Zhuang Zhou, 莊周), “late 4th century” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi/ | Carried from N2-codex: [48 date-author] SEP introduction says "late 4th century BC"; section 1 says "his personal name (Zhou)" and "latter half of the fourth century BC".
- CONFIRMED | ““late 4th century BC,”” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi/ | Carried from N2-codex: [49 date-quoted] The exact words "late 4th century BC" are in SEP's opening paragraph. The record incorrectly supplies a paraphrase from section 1 as the quotation's excerpt.
- CONFIRMED | “Guo Xiang (郭象, d. 312 CE) edited and reduced a prior collection from 52 chapters to 33, dividing them into the “Inner Chapters” (1–7), “Outer” (8–22), and “Miscellaneous” (23–33), and attributing only the Inner Chapters to Zhuangzi's own period.” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi/ | Carried from N2-codex: [50 guo-history] SEP explicitly gives d. 312 CE, "fifty-two chapters to thirty-three", Inner 1–7, Outer 8–22, Miscellaneous 23–33, and the attribution of only the first section to Zhuangzi's lifetime.
- CONFIRMED | “The butterfly dream closes Inner Chapter 2.” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [51 chapter-ending] Read printed p. 197 and manually opened the Sacred Text Archive chapter. The attributed wording is present; the period is visible in the scan. This is the final paragraph of Book II.
- CONFIRMED | “齊物論 parses two ways” ; “齊物·論 “a discourse on equalizing things,” or 齊·物論 “the equalizing of discourses”” ; “a doubled reading that mirrors the dream's own.” | https://xbzs.ecnu.edu.cn/CN/abstract/article/1000-5579/10841 | Carried from N2-codex: [52 two-title-parses] The academic abstract explicitly distinguishes "qiwu-lun" (equality of things) and "qi-wulun" (equality of views of things).
- CONFIRMED | “Legge “The Adjustment of Controversies,”” | https://sacred-texts.com/book/the-texts-of-taoism-part-i-of-ii/shell/book-ii-khi-wu-lun-or-the-adjustment-of-controversies | Carried from N2-codex: [53 legge-title] The manually opened chapter is headed "Book II: Khî Wû Lun, or 'The Adjustment of Controversies'"; the scan title page supplies James Legge and 1891.
- CONFIRMED | “Giles “The Identity of Contraries,”” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [54 giles-title] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | “Watson “Discussion on Making All Things Equal.”” | https://davidsholz.com/lib/chuangtzu.html | Carried from N2-codex: [55 watson-title] The readable transcription heads section TWO "DISCUSSION ON MAKING ALL THINGS EQUAL".
- CONFIRMED | “The text uses the older graph 胡蝶 for “butterfly” (modern standard: 蝴蝶); both are read húdié.” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%9D%B6 | Carried from N2-codex: [56 hudi-graph] Wiktionary identifies 胡蝶 as a variant of 蝴蝶; the old passage uses 胡蝶. The 蝴蝶 entry gives the modern standard reading húdié.
- CONFIRMED | “both are read húdié.” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%9D%B4%E8%9D%B6 | Carried from N2-codex: [57 hudi-pronunciation] The compound pronunciation is "húdié"; the 胡蝶 entry refers to this entry for pronunciation.
- CONFIRMED | “Showing how two or more may be the phenomena of one” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [58 giles-comment-before] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | “Showing how one may appear to be either of two” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [59 giles-comment-after] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | “and are kept out of the quoted text here.” | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Carried from N2-codex: [61 giles-comment-omitted] The two "Showing how" lines occur in the apparatus, outside VOICE.giles.text. Searching the VOICE field finds "Metempsychosis" but neither commentary line, the positive control.
- OBSERVED | “Transcribed with Legge's own romanization (莊周 = “Kwang Kâu”) from the Internet Sacred Text Archive, and cross-checked against the ctext digitization.” | git show 37137afa5c:memory/log.d/2026-06-19T1130Z-between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md | Carried from N2-codex: [62 legge-crosscheck] The dated log records the transcription, comparison, modernization of the name, and restored period. The scan independently confirms "Kwang Kâu" and the period.
- CONFIRMED | “resolved here to the printed reading (the period)” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [64 legge-printed-period] Visually inspected the original p. 197 image: "was enjoying itself. I did not know". The source tool's NOT FOUND was a binary-image search failure.
- CONFIRMED | “Tap any character for its sound and its plain sense.” | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Carried from N2-codex: [65 tap-readout] The click handler selects IL[k] and writes d.c, d.py and d.g into the readout; all 62 buttons are created.
- CONFIRMED | [N1:66, revised] The verifier checks the interlinear sequence, normalized translations and selected Chinese fragments. | research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs | Current wording after X10 and its duplicates. The three actual kinds of comparison were re-read in the verifier.
- CONFIRMED | watch the four places they part. | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Carried from N2-claude: [#67 four-divergences] Four <mark> spans in each VOICE text.
- CONFIRMED | “Every word below is transcribed verbatim from the printed source named in the apparatus.” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [68 every-word] The two translation panels match the full Giles paragraph and the printed Legge paragraph, including the restored period.
- CONFIRMED | “The house rule: every factual claim is checked, and every uncertainty is named in the work's own apparatus.” | git show 37137afa5c:research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs | Carried from N2-codex: [69 house-rule] This is stated as a house rule, also printed in the verifier's opening comments; it is not treated as evidence that every present assertion has already passed.
- CONFIRMED | The per-character pinyin and glosses in §I are this page's editorial crib, not a quotation | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Carried from N2-claude: [#70 editorial-crib] Labelled "editorial crib" in the hint and apparatus.
- CONFIRMED | [N1:73, revised] The account of how the vertigo changes is this page's reading of the translations, not a measured quantity. | public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Current interpretation label after X3/X4; retained as an editorial reading rather than a measurement.
- CONFIRMED | The Han glyphs are set in a self-hosted subset of Noto Serif CJK SC (SIL Open Font License) covering exactly the characters quoted ... no third-party request. | git show 37137afa5c:research/zhuangzi-butterfly/subset-font.mjs ; public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/noto-serif-sc-subset.woff2 ; https://raw.githubusercontent.com/notofonts/noto-cjk/main/Serif/LICENSE | Carried from N2-claude: [#75 font] fontTools: family "Noto Serif CJK SC"; its 40 Han codepoints are exactly the 40 on the page; licence file: "SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1".
- CONFIRMED | “This layer's check reads the bytes this page serves and asserts against them.” | git show 37137afa5c:research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs | Carried from N2-codex: [78 placard-reads] The script reads the public index.html file and compares its contents to source texts. It is a local read check, not a live fetch.
- CONFIRMED | “It is reading what you are reading.” | git show 37137afa5c:research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs ; https://artwaste.land/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/ | Carried from N2-codex: [79 placard-reading] The checked pinned page and the live page have identical authored content; live adds only analytics/pulse scripts. The script reads the shipped page source.
- CONFIRMED | “It is published to read.” | https://artwaste.land/checks/research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs | Carried from N2-codex: [80 placard-published] curl fetched the linked verifier with HTTP 200, 5069 bytes; it matches the pinned verifier.
- CONFIRMED | “Running it needs the repository around it.” | git show 37137afa5c:research/zhuangzi-butterfly/verify.mjs | Carried from N2-codex: [81 placard-repository] The exact reader command exits 1 with ENOENT for public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html. The disclosed repository dependency is real.
- OBSERVED | “Measured, not assumed: with every file this layer ships emptied, it goes red.” | git show 37137afa5c:research/verifier-independence/verdicts.json | Carried from N2-codex: [82 placard-empty] The committed verdict row has "dependence": "red", "depRed": 1, "depGreen": 0, and "depMeasured": 1. This supports the historical empty-file observation.
- OBSERVED | “Last verified 19 June 2026, when it was written.” | git show 37137afa5c:memory/log.d/2026-06-19T1130Z-between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md | Carried from N2-codex: [83 placard-date] The 2026-06-19 log says "23/23 offline checks pass"; the baseline rerun also passes 23/23. This supports the recorded original check date.
- CONFIRMED | The twentieth entry of the Translation-Criticism Venue | git show 37137afa5c:memory/ledger-archive/P6.md ; git show 37137afa5c:src/content/strata/the-word-for-both.md | Carried from N2-claude: [#84 twentieth] P6 ledger "2026-06-19 twentieth entry"; the 2026-06-18 entry calls itself "The nineteenth entry".
- CONFIRMED | “Both translations are transcribed verbatim from their printed sources” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [86 both-verbatim-dek] Both full quotations were checked against the primary text/scan; Legge's disclosed period is visible in print.
- CONFIRMED | “Every Chinese character and both English passages are transcribed verbatim from cited public-domain sources” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm ; https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [87 original-verbatim] The Guo transcription matches the Chinese, and the Giles/Legge primary documents match their displayed passages. The ctext provenance event is recorded in the shipping log.
- CONFIRMED | “the date, authorship, and the Guo Xiang 52→33 redaction are sourced to the Stanford Encyclopedia” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi/ | Carried from N2-codex: [88 date-sourced] SEP supplies all the stated dates, name, and 52-to-33 history; merely citing a source was not treated as verification.
- CONFIRMED | “their translations are still in copyright” | https://savac.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Zhuangzi-Burton-Watson.pdf | Carried from N2-codex: [90 watson-copyright] Downloaded the 2.7 MB PDF and extracted its front matter: "Copyright © 2013 Columbia University Press" and "All rights reserved". The front matter also dates the first Watson edition to 1968.
- CONFIRMED | “the still-copyright modern translations” | https://studylib.net/doc/27516337/chuang-tzu-graham | Carried from N2-codex: [91 graham-copyright] Manually opened the readable transcription: "Copyright © 1981, 1986, 1989 by A. C. Graham" and "All rights reserved". Curl/tool challenge responses do not refute this.
- CONFIRMED | “Herbert A. Giles · 1889 · “The Identity of Contraries”” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [92 giles-panel-label] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | [N1:93, revised] Giles sets was then against am now within an unresolved question, and uses Metempsychosis. | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Re-read p. 32. Current note after X4/K2 no longer implies that Giles resolves the identity question.
- CONFIRMED | “James Legge · 1891 · “The Adjustment of Controversies”” | https://sacred-texts.com/book/the-texts-of-taoism-part-i-of-ii/shell/book-ii-khi-wu-lun-or-the-adjustment-of-controversies | Carried from N2-codex: [94 legge-panel-label] The manually opened chapter is headed "Book II: Khî Wû Lun, or 'The Adjustment of Controversies'"; the scan title page supplies James Legge and 1891.
- CONFIRMED | “Legge keeps the name (his “Kwang Kâu”), keeps the doubt grammatically open (“it had formerly been Kâu… or it was now a butterfly…”), and renders the final word at its plain weight: the Transformation of Things.” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [95 legge-panel-note] Read printed p. 197 and manually opened the Sacred Text Archive chapter. The attributed wording is present; the period is visible in the scan. This is the final paragraph of Book II.
- CONFIRMED | ““…not know” ; “Zhou’s dream → a butterfly?” ; “butterfly’s dream → Zhou?”” | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html ; https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [96 bare-rendering] The raw toggle is expressly an editorial schematic. The two Chinese clauses and their reversal support it.
- CONFIRMED | “No tense, no number, no “I.” The two clauses are interchangeable: a closed loop with no arrow on it.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm ; https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-translate-interpret/ | Carried from N2-codex: [97 bare-grammar] The isolated pair has no first-person pronoun and no inflected tense/number; "no arrow" is the explicitly identified interpretive model.
- CONFIRMED | ““…whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man.”” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [98 tense-giles] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | [N1:99, revised] Giles contrasts was then / am now; the question leaves open whether the speaker is a butterfly dreaming he is a man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Re-read p. 32. Current tense-tab note after X3/X4.
- CONFIRMED | ““…whether it had formerly been Kâu dreaming that he was a butterfly, or it was now a butterfly dreaming that it was Kâu.”” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [100 tense-legge] Read printed p. 197 and manually opened the Sacred Text Archive chapter. The attributed wording is present; the period is visible in the scan. This is the final paragraph of Book II.
- CONFIRMED | [N1:101, revised] Legge uses had formerly been / was now within a question that also leaves the waking identity unresolved. | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Re-read printed p. 197 visually. Current note after X4/K2 removes the unsupported ranking of retained doubt.
- CONFIRMED | ““…what is called the Transformation of Things.”” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [103 crux-legge] Read printed p. 197 and manually opened the Sacred Text Archive chapter. The attributed wording is present; the period is visible in the scan. This is the final paragraph of Book II.
- CONFIRMED | “Legge, 1891” ; “literal. Nothing enters the sentence that the two characters don’t carry.” | https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [104 crux-note-legge] Read printed p. 197 and manually opened the Sacred Text Archive chapter. The attributed wording is present; the period is visible in the scan. This is the final paragraph of Book II.
- CONFIRMED | ““The transition is called Metempsychosis.”” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [105 crux-giles] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | “Giles, 1889” ; “interpretive. Metempsychosis imports the transmigration of a persistent soul, a self that travels between bodies” ; “arguably the one thing this passage is dissolving.” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [106 crux-note-giles] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | “Coleman Barks said on the record he 'took the Islam out' of Rumi” | https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Poet-follows-his-own-muse-in-translating-Sufi-2855984.php | Carried from N2-codex: [107 barks] Manually read Jonathan Curiel's 2002 interview: "I took the Islam out of it," Barks says. This resolves the tool's unreadable fetch.
- CONFIRMED | “Sappho's ode survives only inside a critic's quotation” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17957/17957-h/17957-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [108 sappho-carrier] Longinus chapter X introduces and quotes the ode. The claim describes preservation of the continuous ode, not the absence of every separately preserved fragment.
- CONFIRMED | “Zhuangzi's dream survives only inside Guo Xiang's 4th-century redaction that cut the book from 52 chapters to 33.” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi/ | Carried from N2-codex: [109 guo-only-carrier] SEP calls Guo's edition "the extant text on which our knowledge is based" and gives 52 to 33. This supports the received-text transmission claim.
- CONFIRMED | Laozi's first line scatters nine versions across three grammatical decisions | git show 37137afa5c:src/content/strata/the-way-that-can-be-told.md | Carried from N2-claude: [#110 related-laozi] Its dek: nine translations; the 道 pun, the 常 taboo, the missing comma.
- CONFIRMED | “There it is 仁 (rén), the Confucian virtue with no English equal” | git show 37137afa5c:src/content/strata/for-want-of-a-better-term.md | Carried from N2-codex: [111 related-ren] The related layer is explicitly an Analects translation comparison of 仁; "no English equal" is its interpretation, not a quantitative measurement.
- CONFIRMED | There one Hebrew word, ḥesed, is flattened by the Septuagint and shattered by the King James | git show 37137afa5c:src/content/strata/the-word-for-both.md | Carried from N2-claude: [#112 related-hesed] "the Septuagint flattened it ... the King James ... shattered it".
- CONFIRMED | in sixty-two Chinese characters | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html | Carried from N2-claude: [#113 meta-description-count] "in sixty-two Chinese characters"; 62 is right.
- CONFIRMED | “The whole passage, as Guo Xiang's received text gives it.” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [115 guo-primary-copy] The Guo commentary transcription contains the page wording exactly, including "自喻適志與！" and "分矣。此之謂物化。". The record's Wikisource witness instead uses 爲 and different modern punctuation; that is a witness mismatch, not a false Chinese passage.
- CONFIRMED | “Zhou's dream → butterfly? / butterfly's dream → Zhou?” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [116 dek-editorial-mirror] The page labels this as its own schematic; the two seven-character source clauses reverse Zhou and butterfly.
- CONFIRMED | “昔 xī formerly, once” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%94 | Carried from N2-codex: [117 gloss-00] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : xī [...] ( obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese ) former times ; the past ; long ago ; ancient times
- CONFIRMED | “者 zhě (particle: the time when / the one that)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%80%85 | Carried from N2-codex: [118 gloss-01] The excerpt gives the agentive sense; the same entry lists 昔者, and the passage's opening confirms the temporal use. The excerpt should include that contextual use rather than only "one who".
- CONFIRMED | “莊 zhuāng Zhuāng (surname)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8E%8A | Carried from N2-codex: [119 gloss-02] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : zhuāng [...] a surname , Zhuang
- CONFIRMED | “周 zhōu Zhōu (given name)” | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zhuangzi/ | Carried from N2-codex: [120 gloss-03] SEP supplies "his personal name (Zhou)"; the Chinese 周 and the standard reading zhōu agree. The record's excerpt supports the name, not by itself the tone.
- CONFIRMED | “夢 mèng to dream; a dream” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A2 | Carried from N2-codex: [121 gloss-04] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : mèng [...] to dream ; to have dreams
- CONFIRMED | “為 wéi to be, become, act as” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%82%BA | Carried from N2-codex: [122 gloss-05] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : wéi [...] to become , to turn into ; into
- CONFIRMED | “胡 hú [with 蝶: butterfly” ; “here phonetic]” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%9D%B6 ; https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%9D%B4%E8%9D%B6 | Carried from N2-codex: [123 gloss-06] The record's excerpt "foreign ; imported" is irrelevant to 胡蝶. The compound entry instead calls 胡蝶 a variant of 蝴蝶 and gives húdié; the character is being used to write the compound's sound.
- CONFIRMED | “蝶 dié butterfly” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%9D%B6 | Carried from N2-codex: [124 gloss-07] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : dié [...] butterfly
- CONFIRMED | “栩 xǔ [栩栩: fluttering, lively, content]” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm ; https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A9%E6%A0%A9 | Carried from N2-codex: [125 gloss-08] The character entry gives xǔ and "vivid"; the compound entry gives "vivid; lively", and Guo's contextual note is "自快得意，悅豫而行".
- CONFIRMED | “然 rán (adverbial suffix: “-ly, in that manner, so”)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%84%B6 | Carried from N2-codex: [126 gloss-10] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : rán [...] so, thus; (adv suffix)
- CONFIRMED | “也 yě (final particle: marks a judgement)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9F | Carried from N2-codex: [127 gloss-13] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : yě [...] ( Classical ) Verb phrase-final particle marking continuous aspect , especially common for assertions of unchanging fact.
- CONFIRMED | “自 zì self; of itself” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA | Carried from N2-codex: [128 gloss-14] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : zì [...] self , oneself ; one's own
- CONFIRMED | “喻 yù to feel, sense, be content (lit. understand)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%96%BB ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/page/n224.jpg | Carried from N2-codex: [129 gloss-15] The entry gives yù and "to understand; to know"; the editorial contextual expansion to feeling/contentment agrees with "自喻適志" and the inspected translations.
- CONFIRMED | “適 shì to suit, fit; to go toward” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%A9 | Carried from N2-codex: [130 gloss-16] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : shì [...] fitting , proper , suitable , appropriate
- CONFIRMED | “志 zhì will, intent, where the heart goes” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BF%97 | Carried from N2-codex: [131 gloss-17] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : zhì [...] will ; determination ; aspiration ; ambition
- CONFIRMED | “與 yú (final particle =歟: exclamation / question)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%87 | Carried from N2-codex: [132 gloss-18] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : yú [...] Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone
- CONFIRMED | “不 bù not” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8D | Carried from N2-codex: [133 gloss-19] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : bù [...] ( preceding verbs and adjectives ) not ; un- ; in- ; il- ; im- ; ir- ; a(n)- ; dys-
- CONFIRMED | “知 zhī to know” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A5 | Carried from N2-codex: [134 gloss-20] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : zhī [...] to know ; to understand ; to comprehend
- CONFIRMED | “俄 é suddenly, in a moment” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84 | Carried from N2-codex: [135 gloss-23] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : é [...] suddenly ; (very) soon ; presently
- CONFIRMED | “覺 jué to wake; to become aware” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A6%BA | Carried from N2-codex: [136 gloss-25] The full entry's wake-from-sleep pronunciation section allows both jué and jiào. The excerpt only gives the awareness sense; it should not be used to reject the attested jué variant.
- CONFIRMED | “則 zé then, thereupon” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%89%87 | Carried from N2-codex: [137 gloss-26] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : zé [...] conjunction used to indicate sequence of events ; and ; and then
- CONFIRMED | “蘧 qú [蘧蘧: startled awake; solid, unmistakable]” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%98%A7 ; https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E8%98%A7%E8%98%A7 | Carried from N2-codex: [138 gloss-27] The character entry gives qú; the compound dictionary cites the exact Zhuangzi sentence for "惊动的样子". The record's "used in 蘧然" excerpt alone is incomplete.
- CONFIRMED | “之 zhī (genitive particle “’s”; or “it/him”)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8B | Carried from N2-codex: [139 gloss-35] The source lists genitive/attributive and pronoun senses, and also a nominalizing particle. The displayed possessive schematic is a serviceable crib, not a complete syntactic analysis of every occurrence.
- CONFIRMED | “與 yǔ to join, and, with” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%87 | Carried from N2-codex: [140 gloss-49] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : yǔ [...] and ( used to connect two nouns )
- CONFIRMED | “必 bì surely, must” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BF%85 | Carried from N2-codex: [141 gloss-53] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : bì [...] must ; have to ; shall
- CONFIRMED | “有 yǒu to have; there is” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89 | Carried from N2-codex: [142 gloss-54] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : yǒu [...] to have ; to possess ( when a subject is present )
- CONFIRMED | “分 fēn a distinction, division, boundary” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%86 | Carried from N2-codex: [143 gloss-55] The entry gives fēn and "to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart". Classical word-class flexibility supports the contextual nominal gloss; no false fourth-tone correction is inferred.
- CONFIRMED | “矣 yǐ (final particle: completion, “now/indeed”)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A3 | Carried from N2-codex: [144 gloss-56] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : yǐ [...] ( literary ) Particle expressing completion , similar to 了 ( le ) in Standard Mandarin.
- CONFIRMED | “此 cǐ this” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A4 | Carried from N2-codex: [145 gloss-57] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : cǐ [...] ( literary ) this
- CONFIRMED | “謂 wèi to call; to be called” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AC%82 | Carried from N2-codex: [146 gloss-59] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : wèi [...] to call ; to name
- CONFIRMED | “物 wù thing, creature; the myriad things” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9 | Carried from N2-codex: [147 gloss-60] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : wù [...] thing , matter
- CONFIRMED | “化 huà to transform, change; transmutation” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96 | Carried from N2-codex: [148 gloss-61] Read the source entry, including the quoted pronunciation and definition. Supporting excerpt: Hanyu Pinyin : huà [...] to change ; to transform
- CONFIRMED | “so 與 is read yú, the particle 歟, when it ends a clause, and yǔ, “and,” in 周與胡蝶” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%87 | Carried from N2-codex: [149 yu-context] The full 與 entry gives sentence-final yú for an exclamatory/questioning particle and yǔ for "and (used to connect two nouns)". The excerpt alone quotes only the second use.
- CONFIRMED | “a thing, a creature, the other; the “myriad things” of the world.” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9 | Carried from N2-codex: [150 wu-plain] The full entry gives "thing, matter" and "all of the outside world, excluding oneself"; creature/myriad-things is the declared editorial contextual expansion.
- CONFIRMED | “to change, to transform, to melt from one form into another.” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96 | Carried from N2-codex: [151 hua-plain] The full entry lists both "to change; to transform" and "to melt".
- CONFIRMED | “a 疊字 (diézì, “stacked character”)” | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%96%8A%E5%AD%97 | Carried from N2-codex: [152 diedzi] The entry gives diézì and "reiterative locution; words composed of reduplicated monosyllables"; stacked-character is the literal gloss.
- CONFIRMED | “two public-domain translations” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo_djvu.txt | Carried from N2-codex: [153 giles-public-domain] Both original editions are nineteenth-century publications (Giles 1889, Legge 1891). The Gutenberg permissions header applies only to Giles; the record needed the separate Legge edition evidence.
- CONFIRMED | "datePublished":"2026-06-19" | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html ; git show 37137afa5c:src/content/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md | Carried from N2-claude: [#154 published-date] JSON-LD datePublished 2026-06-19; .md date 2026-06-19T12:00:00Z; log dated 2026-06-19.
- CONFIRMED | The venue's two Daoist openings, both laid character by character under their translators. | git show 37137afa5c:src/content/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly.md | Carried from N2-claude: [#156 nearby-the-way-that-can-be-told] First sentence of the relates note.
- CONFIRMED | “Two translators caught adding and subtracting doctrine.” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Poet-follows-his-own-muse-in-translating-Sufi-2855984.php | Carried from N2-codex: [158 nearby-listen-to-the-reed] The relation contrasts Barks's documented "I took the Islam out of it" with Giles's "Metempsychosis"; adding doctrine is the page's interpretation.
- CONFIRMED | “The venue's studies of a single word's freight.” | git show 37137afa5c:src/content/strata/the-word-for-both.md | Carried from N2-codex: [159 nearby-the-word-for-both] The linked comparison concerns ḥesed; this page concerns the word 物化. The statement describes their subjects.
- CONFIRMED | “Both reconstruct a famous passage from the hands that carried it, and keep the apparatus honest about its own seams.” | git show 37137afa5c:src/content/strata/greener-than-grass.md | Carried from N2-codex: [160 nearby-greener-than-grass] The related page explicitly discusses Longinus's preservation of Sappho and its source apparatus; this page discusses the Guo received text. The honesty language is an editorial assessment.
- CONFIRMED | “zhōu yǔ húdié, zé bì yǒu fēn yǐ. cǐ zhī wèi wùhuà.” | git show 37137afa5c:public/strata/between-zhou-and-the-butterfly/index.html ; https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%87 | Carried from N2-codex: [162 banner-pinyin] Checked each reading against the individual entries: zhōu/yǔ/húdié/zé/bì/yǒu/fēn/yǐ/cǐ/zhī/wèi/wù/huà. It matches the banner's characters.
- CONFIRMED | “Zhou ’s · dream · become · butterfly · ?” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [163 mirror-editorial] This is the page's editorial schematic, aligned to the respective seven-character clause; not falsely attributed to Giles or Legge.
- CONFIRMED | “butterfly ’s · dream · become · Zhou · ?” | https://hksh.site/cclassic/weijin/ZhuangZiZhu.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [164 mirror-editorial-reverse] This is the page's editorial schematic, aligned to the respective seven-character clause; not falsely attributed to Giles or Legge.
- CONFIRMED | “a Greek-and-Indian idea of a persistent, travelling self” | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Metempsychosis | Carried from N2-codex: [165 greek-indian-doctrine] The historical encyclopedia defines transmigration and discusses both the Upanishads in India and Pythagoras in Greece. This supports the descriptive cross-cultural label, not a claim that Giles consulted those texts.
- CONFIRMED | “Giles from Project Gutenberg #59709 (1889 first edition)” | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm | Carried from N2-codex: [166 giles-first-edition] Read the corresponding passage, title page, or chapter heading in Giles. The cited wording is present. Commentary about its effect is the page's reading of the wording.
- CONFIRMED | (added) "two Victorians" (relates note to the-way-that-can-be-told) and og:description "one Victorian ... and the other" | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59709/59709-h/59709-h.htm ; https://archive.org/download/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo/sacredbooksofchi01oxfo_djvu.txt | Carried from N2-claude: Giles 1889 and Legge 1891 both published in Victoria's reign (1837-1901).

## Findings

- [fixed] X1 (WRONG): Recounted the source: 62 Han characters, 31 distinct characters, and 62 interlinear entries. The heading and its primary anchor now say sixty-two; the original fragment remains as a compatibility anchor on the section numeral.
- [fixed] X2 (MINOR): Re-read the indexed opening of Galambos: premodern marks existed, although sporadic; the direct PDF request returned 403. The page now limits its statement to the modern punctuation here being editorial.
- [fixed] X3 (WRONG): Re-read Cambridge through its indexed primary page: non-finite verbs need not show tense. Nominal dream phrases need not date either alternative; Graham also uses parallel present-tense dream clauses. The page now describes Giles and Legge specifically, including metadata and Markdown.
- [fixed] X4 (WRONG): Re-read the indexed Guo witness, Giles chapter II p. 32, and the Legge p. 197 scan visually: the Chinese narrates waking, and both English versions retain the question of which creature dreams the other. Revised the prose, dek and interactive notes without changing either quotation.
- [fixed] X5 (MINOR): Re-read the indexed opening of the primary Zhuangzi yi witness: the fish-to-bird sentence uses 化而為鳥. The shared component is 化, not the compound 物化. Both the paragraph and crux-tab note now distinguish them.
- [fixed] X7 (WRONG): Re-read Graham under Version Two: the final phrase is the transformations of things, plural. Restored the quoted wording; quotation marks remain.
- [fixed] X8 (MINOR): Giles introduction pp. xii-xiii lists six consulted editions; p. xvi describes his running commentary. That establishes the safe label, without proving the ideas wholly original to Giles or these English glosses specifically translated from Guo. Revised attribution only.
- [fixed] X9 (WRONG): Re-read the original author log: it records both modernized romanization in ctext and a dropped period in ISTA. The Legge scan visibly has the period. The revised comparison names both differences without an exhaustive count; quotation unchanged.
- [fixed] X10 (MINOR): Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- [fixed] X11 (MINOR): Section IV contains short quotations from Watson and Graham. Updated the apparatus, provenance tag, Markdown and verifier marker to acknowledge brief quotations; retained the quoted text, with the separate Graham correction.
- [fixed] X12 (MINOR): Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- [fixed] X13 (MINOR): Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- [fixed] X14 (WRONG): Re-read the earlier Analects layer dated 2026-06-17: it already names both Classical Chinese entries. Removed the false second ordinal and named both predecessors, without substituting an unverified ordinal.
- [fixed] X15 (MINOR): Section IV contains short quotations from Watson and Graham. Updated the apparatus, provenance tag, Markdown and verifier marker to acknowledge brief quotations; retained the quoted text, with the separate Graham correction.
- [fixed] X16 (MINOR): Re-read the indexed opening of the primary Zhuangzi yi witness: the fish-to-bird sentence uses 化而為鳥. The shared component is 化, not the compound 物化. Both the paragraph and crux-tab note now distinguish them.
- [fixed] X17 (WRONG): Re-read the Boston University biography: Legge was Scottish. Changed Englishmen to two Victorian translators; preserved the 1889/1891 dates and translations.
- [dated] X18 (STALE): Read the 2026-06-22 title-change diff, which postdates the old dateModified. Set dateModified to 2026-10-14 for this revision; datePublished stays 2026-06-19. The directing JSON-LD exception requires no Updated line because the Corrected lines date this revision.
- [fixed] X19 (MINOR): The page identifies 物化 as two characters. Changed character to word in the authored relates note and regenerated this layer's displayed Nearby note in an isolated scratch tree using the unmodified shared generator.
- [fixed] X20 (WRONG): Re-read the Boston University biography: Legge was Scottish. Changed Englishmen to two Victorian translators; preserved the 1889/1891 dates and translations.
- [fixed] K1 (WRONG): Recounted the source: 62 Han characters, 31 distinct characters, and 62 interlinear entries. The heading and its primary anchor now say sixty-two; the original fragment remains as a compatibility anchor on the section numeral.
- [fixed] K2 (WRONG): Re-read the indexed Guo witness, Giles chapter II p. 32, and the Legge p. 197 scan visually: the Chinese narrates waking, and both English versions retain the question of which creature dreams the other. Revised the prose, dek and interactive notes without changing either quotation.
- [fixed] K3 (MINOR): Re-read the indexed opening of the primary Zhuangzi yi witness: the fish-to-bird sentence uses 化而為鳥. The shared component is 化, not the compound 物化. Both the paragraph and crux-tab note now distinguish them.
- [fixed] K4 (WRONG): Re-read Graham under Version Two: the final phrase is the transformations of things, plural. Restored the quoted wording; quotation marks remain.
- [fixed] K5 (MINOR): Giles introduction pp. xii-xiii lists six consulted editions; p. xvi describes his running commentary. That establishes the safe label, without proving the ideas wholly original to Giles or these English glosses specifically translated from Guo. Revised attribution only.
- [fixed] K6 (WRONG): Re-read the original author log: it records both modernized romanization in ctext and a dropped period in ISTA. The Legge scan visibly has the period. The revised comparison names both differences without an exhaustive count; quotation unchanged.
- [fixed] K7 (MINOR): Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- [fixed] K8 (MINOR): Section IV contains short quotations from Watson and Graham. Updated the apparatus, provenance tag, Markdown and verifier marker to acknowledge brief quotations; retained the quoted text, with the separate Graham correction.
- [fixed] K9 (MINOR): Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- [fixed] K10 (MINOR): Re-read the verifier: it tests Chinese character membership and three fragments, full English substrings after markup/whitespace normalization, and exact ordered interlinear characters. It does not compare every displayed passage byte for byte. Narrowed all descriptions, code comments and result labels; kept 23 checks.
- [fixed] K12 (WRONG): Re-read the earlier Analects layer dated 2026-06-17: it already names both Classical Chinese entries. Removed the false second ordinal and named both predecessors, without substituting an unverified ordinal.
- [fixed] K13 (MINOR): Section IV contains short quotations from Watson and Graham. Updated the apparatus, provenance tag, Markdown and verifier marker to acknowledge brief quotations; retained the quoted text, with the separate Graham correction.
- [fixed] K14 (MINOR): Re-read the indexed opening of the primary Zhuangzi yi witness: the fish-to-bird sentence uses 化而為鳥. The shared component is 化, not the compound 物化. Both the paragraph and crux-tab note now distinguish them.
- [fixed] K15 (WRONG): Re-read the Boston University biography: Legge was Scottish. Changed Englishmen to two Victorian translators; preserved the 1889/1891 dates and translations.