---
slug: the-seventh-part-of-the-man
passed: 2026-11-07
by: claude-tender-pascal-xvy627, one agent on oversight/claims-pass.md (step 4a, all 143 entries of the source record then kept, plus 26 claims it added; the facsimile's disputed word set beside the four undisputed "quarta" on Richter's plate; the reader's check run from an empty directory; sentence-only probes against the verifier), at commit 03f50b2e7c; every finding re-read at its source by the instance before acting, and three near-misses the instance found while fixing are added at the end
checked: 172
confirmed: 149
wrong: 16
unverifiable: 1
observed: 6
stale: 0
---
## Claims
- CONFIRMED | r-scale-text: 4 fingers make 1 palm, and 4 palms make 1 foot, 6 palms make 1 cubit; 4 cubits make a man's height. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim (Leonardo's paraphrase of Vitruvius, Richter's English); see added claim A13 on how the page frames it
- CONFIRMED | r-scale: 4 fingers make 1 palm, and 4 palms make 1 foot, 6 palms make 1 cubit; 4 cubits make a man's height. And 4 cubits make one pace and 24 palms make a man | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-pose: If you open your legs so much as to decrease your height 1/14 and spread and raise your arms till your middle fingers touch the level of the top of your head you must know that the centre of the outspread limbs will be in the navel and the space between the legs will be an equilateral triangle. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-span: The length of a man's outspread arms is equal to his height. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-hair: From the roots of the hair to the bottom of the chin is the tenth of a man's height; from the bottom of the chin to the top of his head is one eighth of his height | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg + errata https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n36.jpg | 1883 printing reads "the length of a man's height"; its errata: "p. 182 l. 26 for length read tenth"; Gutenberg prints "tenth"
- CONFIRMED | r-breast: from the top of the breast to the top of his head will be one sixth of a man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-breasthair: From the top of the breast to the roots of the hair will be the seventh part of the whole man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-nipple: From the nipples to the top of the head will be the fourth part of a man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-shoulders: The greatest width of the shoulders contains in itself the fourth part of the man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-cubit: From the elbow to the tip of the hand will be the fifth part of a man | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-armpit: and from the elbow to the angle of the armpit will be the eighth part of the man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-hand: The whole hand will be the tenth part of the man | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-middle: the beginning of the genitals marks the middle of the man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-kneegen: From below the knee to the beginning of the genitals will be the fourth part of the man | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-foot: The foot is the seventh part of the man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-knee: From the sole of the foot to below the knee will be the fourth part of the man. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-face: The distance from the bottom of the chin to the nose and from the roots of the hair to the eyebrows is, in each case the same, and like the ear, a third of the face. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | r-makeaman: four palms of the twenty-four that make a man | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | verbatim in Gutenberg #5000 no. 343 and in the 1883 page
- CONFIRMED | i-scale: 4 diti fā · uno palmo · e 4 palmi · fā · uno pie ·, 6 palmi fā un cubito · 4 cubiti · fā · uno uomo · e 4 · cubiti fā uno · passo · e 24 palmi · fā uno uomo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-span: Tanto apre l'omo nelle braccia · quāto · è la · sua · altezza. | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-breast: dal di sopra · del petto · alla · som̄ità · del capo · fia il · sexto dell'omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-nipple: dalle · tette al di sopra · del capo fia la · quarta · parte · dell'omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-shoulders: la maggiore · larghezza · delle · spalle · contiene · in se la quarta parte dell'omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-cubit: dal gomito · alla punta · della · mano · fia la · quinta · parte · dell'omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-armpit: da esso · gomito · al termine della · spalla · fia la octaua parte · d'esso omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-hand: tutta · la mano · fia la decima · parte · dell'omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-middle: il menbro · virile · nascie · nel mezzo dell'omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-foot: il piè · fia la settima · parte · dell'omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-knee: dal di sotto · del piè · al di sotto del ginochio · fia · la quarta · parte · dell'omo | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | i-laoct: Richter's notes record that he wrote la oct, the start of the eighth, crossed it out, and wrote la quarta. | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | note 11: "largeza . . spalli chontieno . . se [la oct] la quarta."
- CONFIRMED | i-laoct-brackets: crossed it out | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n40.jpg (Prolegomena p.3) | Clavis no. 14: "[ ] Passages between brackets are crossed out in the original."
- CONFIRMED | i-mirror: Leonardo wrote above and below it, in mirror writing, right to left. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man (fetched 2026-11-06) + Pl. XVIII scan n252 | "The text above the image, written in mirror writing, reads:"; the plate shows text above and below
- CONFIRMED | i-plate: Richter printed a facsimile of the sheet in the same volume as his transcription. | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) + https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n252.jpg | footnote "See Pl. XVIII"; the plate (PL. XVIII, "Héliog. Dujardin") is in vol. 1 between pp.182 and 183
- CONFIRMED | i-term: termine della spalla | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man + https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Richter "al termine della · spalla"; Wikipedia "al termine della isspalla"
- CONFIRMED | i-armpit-tr: Richter's angle of the armpit renders Leonardo's termine della spalla, the end of the shoulder. | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) | Italian as printed by Richter (superscript MS line numbers removed); "quinta" is printed in normal type, not the small type Richter uses for doubtful readings
- CONFIRMED | richter-1883: in J. P. Richter's translation of 1883 | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/literaryworksofl01leonuoft_djvu.txt (title page) | LONDON ... 188, FLEET STREET 1883
- CONFIRMED | fu-quinta: Giuseppina Fumagalli's selection of his writings, in 1915, also prints quinta, the fifth. | https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Leonardo_prosatore/Scritti_sull%27arte/III/C (fetched) | "dal gomito alla punta della mano fia la quinta parte dell'omo" at [p. 183]
- CONFIRMED | fu-1915: Giuseppina Fumagalli's selection of his writings, in 1915 | Wikisource dc:date 1915 + https://archive.org/advancedsearch.php (leonardoprosator00leonuoft: creator "Fumagalli, Giuseppina", date 1915) | the record excerpt is the author's own bibliographic line, not source text; the metadata confirms it
- CONFIRMED | wp-quarta: the transcription on English Wikipedia's page for the drawing, which it cites to Carlo Pedretti, prints quarta, the fourth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man (fetched 2026-11-06) | "Dal gomito alla punta della mano fia la quarta parte dell'omo"
- CONFIRMED | wp-pedretti: which cites C. Pedretti (2006), p. 82 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man (fetched 2026-11-06) | lower-text block footnoted to "Pedretti (2006), p. 82" (Taj Books); the page only says Wikipedia "cites" it, which is accurate
- CONFIRMED | gut-richter: In Richter's edition, which is also the English text Project Gutenberg carries | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg | 
- OBSERVED | facsimile-read: To our eye the first word is the second word. | recreated: bash make-facsimile-crops.sh (with curl --create-dirs) in an empty scratch dir fetched IA page n252 (SHA-256 2aa61c24... = kept copy) and cut the three strips byte-identical to public/.../img/*.jpg | my own reading agrees: the forearm word has the letter-shapes of the four undisputed "quarta" on the sheet (nipple, shoulder, knee, knee-to-genitals lines), not "quinta"; the page hedges it ("to our eye", "not palaeographers")
- CONFIRMED | v-wellshaped: a well shaped man | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) | 
- CONFIRMED | v-third-book: the Roman architect whose treatise on architecture sets out, in its third book, the proportions of | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) | 
- CONFIRMED | v-both: Vitruvius says both in so many words. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) | the same Morgan sentence continues "and the breadth of the breast is also one fourth" - the Vitruvian rule the page leaves out (added claim A1)
- CONFIRMED | v-hand: Vitruvius says the same. | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) | 
- CONFIRMED | v-breasthair: Vitruvius gives his sixth from the top of the breast to the roots of the hair | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) | also evidence for added claim A2: Leonardo changes this sixth, so the foot is not his one change
- CONFIRMED | v-lying: with his hands and feet extended | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) | 
- CONFIRMED | v-supplement: a line whose first words are an editor's supplement to the manuscripts | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/master/data/phi1056/phi001/phi1056.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml | TEI has "<add>a medio pectore</add> ad summum verticem quartae" (Krohn 1912)
- CONFIRMED | v-supplement-2: and the middle of the breast to the crown as a quarter | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/master/data/phi1056/phi001/phi1056.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml | TEI has "<add>a medio pectore</add> ad summum verticem quartae" (Krohn 1912)
- CONFIRMED | acc-228: The drawing is in Venice, catalogue number 228 of the Gallerie dell'Accademia | https://www.gallerieaccademia.it/opera/studio-di-proporzioni-del-corpo-noto-come-uomo-vitruviano/ (fetched 2026-11-06) | 
- CONFIRMED | acc-medium: which describes it as metalpoint, pen and ink, with touches of watercolour, on white paper | https://www.gallerieaccademia.it/opera/studio-di-proporzioni-del-corpo-noto-come-uomo-vitruviano/ (fetched 2026-11-06) | 
- CONFIRMED | acc-milan: and places it, probably, in Leonardo's years in Milan | https://www.gallerieaccademia.it/opera/studio-di-proporzioni-del-corpo-noto-come-uomo-vitruviano/ (fetched 2026-11-06) | 
- CONFIRMED | acc-alberti: non riflettono il testo vitruviano | https://www.gallerieaccademia.it/opera/studio-di-proporzioni-del-corpo-noto-come-uomo-vitruviano/ (fetched 2026-11-06) | 
- CONFIRMED | rct-model: began to measure a model | https://col.rct.uk/collection/919136/ (fetched 2026-11-06) | "Leonardo here began to measure a model, named on this sheet as ... 'Caravaggio'"; "Studies of human proportion c.1490"
- CONFIRMED | rct-date: on a sheet at Windsor, which the Royal Collection dates to about 1490 | https://col.rct.uk/collection/919136/ (fetched 2026-11-06) | "Leonardo here began to measure a model, named on this sheet as ... 'Caravaggio'"; "Studies of human proportion c.1490"
- CONFIRMED | alb-method: spretis extremorum excessibus | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | values read from the 1877 page images; pedes.gradus.minuta -> x100+x10+x1 of 600 is right (p.181: "pedibus constabit sex, hi erunt minuta sexcenta")
- CONFIRMED | alb-method-2: He chose bodies that experts held to be the most beautiful, measured them | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | values read from the 1877 page images; pedes.gradus.minuta -> x100+x10+x1 of 600 is right (p.181: "pedibus constabit sex, hi erunt minuta sexcenta")
- CONFIRMED | alb-units: kept the middle values, in units of a six-hundredth of the height | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | values read from the 1877 page images; pedes.gradus.minuta -> x100+x10+x1 of 600 is right (p.181: "pedibus constabit sex, hi erunt minuta sexcenta")
- CONFIRMED | alb-foot: His table puts the foot, from the big toe to the heel, at 100 of the 600: a sixth, as Vitruvius had it. | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | values read from the 1877 page images; pedes.gradus.minuta -> x100+x10+x1 of 600 is right (p.181: "pedibus constabit sex, hi erunt minuta sexcenta")
- CONFIRMED | apg-revision: The seventh is Leonardo's own, and Fabrizio Apollonio and Marco Gaiani, writing in 2023, call it his most important revision of both, perhaps an unintended one. | https://cris.unibo.it/retrieve/748c77a8-10d3-4853-b8a8-30574352209e/10621-Articolo-39186-2-10-20231229-1.pdf (pdftotext, p.66) | "La più importante revisione di Leonardo rispetto ad Alberti, ma anche a Vitruvio, forse non voluta, rimane la suddivisione in piedi dell'altezza dell'uomo in 1/7"; PDF pp.63-103, created Dec 2023
- CONFIRMED | apg-2023: Fabrizio Apollonio and Marco Gaiani, writing in 2023 | https://cris.unibo.it/retrieve/748c77a8-10d3-4853-b8a8-30574352209e/10621-Articolo-39186-2-10-20231229-1.pdf (pdftotext, p.66) | "La più importante revisione di Leonardo rispetto ad Alberti, ma anche a Vitruvio, forse non voluta, rimane la suddivisione in piedi dell'altezza dell'uomo in 1/7"; PDF pp.63-103, created Dec 2023
- CONFIRMED | apg-revision-2: call it his most important revision of both, perhaps an unintended one | https://cris.unibo.it/retrieve/748c77a8-10d3-4853-b8a8-30574352209e/10621-Articolo-39186-2-10-20231229-1.pdf (pdftotext, p.66) | "La più importante revisione di Leonardo rispetto ad Alberti, ma anche a Vitruvio, forse non voluta, rimane la suddivisione in piedi dell'altezza dell'uomo in 1/7"; PDF pp.63-103, created Dec 2023
- CONFIRMED | alb-throat: where Alberti's table has it (the hollow of the throat at 500 of 600) | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | values read from the 1877 page images; pedes.gradus.minuta -> x100+x10+x1 of 600 is right (p.181: "pedibus constabit sex, hi erunt minuta sexcenta")
- CONFIRMED | alb-hand: Alberti's table, which puts the wrist of a hanging hand at 300 of 600 and its middle fingertip at 230, makes the hand about a ninth too. | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | 300-230 = 70 of 600 = 8.57 hands tall: nearer a ninth than an eighth on all three halfway rules (log 8.485, count 8.5, fraction 17/144), so "about a ninth" holds, narrowly
- CONFIRMED | alb-wrist: puts the wrist of a hanging hand at 300 of 600 | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | values read from the 1877 page images; pedes.gradus.minuta -> x100+x10+x1 of 600 is right (p.181: "pedibus constabit sex, hi erunt minuta sexcenta")
- CONFIRMED | alb-os: os, sub quo pendet penis | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | values read from the 1877 page images; pedes.gradus.minuta -> x100+x10+x1 of 600 is right (p.181: "pedibus constabit sex, hi erunt minuta sexcenta")
- CONFIRMED | alb-elbow: it puts the elbow joint of a hanging arm at 385 of 600 and the middle fingertip at 230 | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | 385-230 = 155 (quarter 150, fifth 120); the bent-arm forearm row ("Ab angulo cubiti plicato brachio ad articulum manus") is blank, so "gives no forearm as such" is right
- CONFIRMED | alb-navel: That is where Alberti's measured table had put it four centuries before Zeising, at 360 of 600 | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | values read from the 1877 page images; pedes.gradus.minuta -> x100+x10+x1 of 600 is right (p.181: "pedibus constabit sex, hi erunt minuta sexcenta")
- CONFIRMED | ansur-dates: Between October 2010 and April 2012 the US Army took 93 measurements on each of 11,961 soldiers | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- MINOR | ansur-93: took 93 measurements | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) + https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | MFR: "93 anthropometric measurements which were directly measured" (of the released files); TR printed p. 44 (PDF p. 54): "Only 93 of the 94 measured dimensions are reported here. Acromion-Wall Depth was highly variable" - the survey took 94, released 93
- CONFIRMED | ansur-11961: on each of 11,961 soldiers | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | Table 4 "Total Measured ... 11961"; nothing in the report says any of them missed measurements
- CONFIRMED | ansur-2017: and in 2017 it released two samples | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | verbatim in the MFR
- CONFIRMED | ansur-2017-date: in 2017 it released two samples | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | verbatim in the MFR
- CONFIRMED | ansur-strat: drawn to match the make-up of the whole Army, for anyone to use | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-separate: because the survey released them as separate samples and warns against pooling them | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | verbatim in the MFR
- CONFIRMED | ansur-who: women of the Active Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve, measured at twelve installations between 4 October 2010 and 5 April 2012, aged 17 to 58 | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | MFR + CSVs: Component = Regular Army / Army National Guard / Army Reserve; Date 2010-10-04..2012-04-05; Age 17..58
- CONFIRMED | ansur-dates-3: between 4 October 2010 and 5 April 2012 | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-dates-2: between 4 October 2010 and 5 April 2012 | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | verbatim in the MFR
- CONFIRMED | ansur-ages: aged 17 to 58 | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-sites: measured at twelve installations | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) + the two CSVs | the record excerpt is one row of Table 4; the support is printed p. 6 (PDF p. 16) "The survey team visited 12 Army installations"; the public files span 12 (men 11 without Fort Lee, women 11 without Fort Rucker, which has 1 man)
- CONFIRMED | ansur-notrep: not representative of the Army population – or any user group for that matter | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-oversample: The survey measured 11,961 soldiers in all and deliberately oversampled minorities | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-census: to match the Army's census of 30 September 2011 | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-census-2: census of 30 September 2011 | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | mfr-rep: a representative sample of the US Army at the time of data collection | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | verbatim in the MFR
- CONFIRMED | mfr-maynot: may or may not be representative of other populations of interest | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | verbatim in the MFR
- CONFIRMED | mfr-pool: will result in a sample that is not representative of any real population and could easily lead to erroneous conclusions. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-MFR.pdf (downloaded; same SHA-256 as the kept copy) | verbatim in the MFR
- OBSERVED | ansur-hairline: The survey has no landmark at the hairline and took no height of the chin above the floor, so neither line can be tested here. | recreated: grep of research/.../ansur/tr15-007-landmarks-pp20-29.txt and tr15-007-chapter-iv-definitions.txt for hairline/trichion/subnasale (none); positive control finds glabella, menton, sellion | true for the hairline and the chin height; but glabella ("midway between the bony browridges") is a landmark at the eyebrows - see added claim A9
- CONFIRMED | ansur-chestpoint: its report says that for men with flatter chests that makes no practical difference from the nipple and that heavier chests give a higher mark, and the women were measured to the point of the bust | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-chestpoint-2: that makes no practical difference from the nipple | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-chestpoint-3: the women were measured to the point of the bust | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-crotch: The survey's crotch is defined as the level of the lower edge of the pubic bone | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-allowable: The survey allowed its measurers to disagree by 1 cm on span before it let them collect data | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | ansur-allowable-2: before it let them collect data | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | hb-stretch: Urge the participant to stretch the arms laterally as much as possible | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR11-017.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | "CAUTION: Urge the participant to stretch the arms laterally as much as possible."
- CONFIRMED | t-span: The distance between the tips of the middle fingers (dactylion III) of the horizontally outstretched arms is measured on a wall chart. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-forearm: The horizontal distance between the olecranon rear landmark and the dactylion III landmark is measured with a beam caliper. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-hand: The length of the right hand between the stylion landmark on the wrist and the tip of the middle finger is measured with a Poech sliding caliper. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-bideltoid: The maximum horizontal distance between the lateral margins of the upper arms on the deltoid muscles is measured with a beam caliper. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-suprasternale: The inferior point of the jugular notch of the sternum (top of the breastbone). | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-chestpoint: The most anterior right point on the chest. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-crotch: The point at the level of the lower edge of the pubis bone of the os coxa. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-tibiale: The superior palpable point on the medial condyle of the right tibia. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-omphalion: The level at the center of the navel. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-elbow90: The elbow is bent at a right angle. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-sits: The soldier sits. | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-cite: C. C. Gordon and colleagues' report on the survey (NATICK/TR-15/007, 2014) | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- CONFIRMED | t-cite-2014: (NATICK/TR-15/007, 2014) | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) | found in the PDF text
- OBSERVED | check-fetched: the ones Penn State's OPEN Design Lab served on 6 November 2026 | recreated: AW_DIR=<copy> node verify-the-seventh-part-of-the-man.mjs --online on 2026-11-06 -> ok: 14 passed, 0 failed (both CSVs re-fetched from tools.openlab.psu.edu, same SHA-256) | 
- CONFIRMED | schott: 59-78% of normal adult white men | https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=1361608 + Crossref 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92767-a | RECORD URL WRONG: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1360640/ is Oka 1992, "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) cells of the terminal nerve..." (Neurosci Lett); Schott is PMID 1361608 (as the kept copy itself shows); also served in quotes.json
- WRONG | schott-who: a 1992 review by Gerald Schott | https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=AUTH:%22Schott%20GD%22 + PMID 1361608 | G. D. Schott (National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, the 1992 affiliation) is Geoffrey D. Schott (Europe PMC firstName "Geoffrey D" on 2010-2023 papers; geoffrey.schott@uclh.nhs.uk); the excerpt (the title) does not support "Gerald"; plus the wrong PubMed URL above
- CONFIRMED | schott-1992: a 1992 review by Gerald Schott | https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=1361608 + Crossref 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92767-a | RECORD URL WRONG: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1360640/ is Oka 1992, "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) cells of the terminal nerve..." (Neurosci Lett); Schott is PMID 1361608 (as the kept copy itself shows); also served in quotes.json
- CONFIRMED | z-1854: It was set out in 1854 by Adolf Zeising, in a book announcing the golden section as a law that runs through all nature and art. | https://archive.org/download/neuelehrevondenp00zeis/page/n201.jpg (p.176) and n204.jpg (p.179) + https://archive.org/metadata/neuelehrevondenp00zeis | p.176 "als der goldene Schnitt des menschlichen Körpers"; p.179 "ein wenig unterhalb des goldnen Schnitts liegende Nabel" and "diese Nabelfalte ... schlechthin als Nabel bezeichnen"
- CONFIRMED | z-1854-title: It was set out in 1854 by Adolf Zeising | https://archive.org/download/neuelehrevondenp00zeis/page/n201.jpg (p.176) and n204.jpg (p.179) + https://archive.org/metadata/neuelehrevondenp00zeis | p.176 "als der goldene Schnitt des menschlichen Körpers"; p.179 "ein wenig unterhalb des goldnen Schnitts liegende Nabel" and "diese Nabelfalte ... schlechthin als Nabel bezeichnen"
- CONFIRMED | z-schnitt: der goldene Schnitt des menschlichen Körpers | https://archive.org/download/neuelehrevondenp00zeis/page/n201.jpg (p.176) and n204.jpg (p.179) + https://archive.org/metadata/neuelehrevondenp00zeis | p.176 "als der goldene Schnitt des menschlichen Körpers"; p.179 "ein wenig unterhalb des goldnen Schnitts liegende Nabel" and "diese Nabelfalte ... schlechthin als Nabel bezeichnen"
- CONFIRMED | z-below: ein wenig unterhalb des goldnen Schnitts | https://archive.org/download/neuelehrevondenp00zeis/page/n201.jpg (p.176) and n204.jpg (p.179) + https://archive.org/metadata/neuelehrevondenp00zeis | p.176 "als der goldene Schnitt des menschlichen Körpers"; p.179 "ein wenig unterhalb des goldnen Schnitts liegende Nabel" and "diese Nabelfalte ... schlechthin als Nabel bezeichnen"
- CONFIRMED | z-nabel: asked his readers to take Nabel to mean the fold of the belly just above it | https://archive.org/download/neuelehrevondenp00zeis/page/n201.jpg (p.176) and n204.jpg (p.179) + https://archive.org/metadata/neuelehrevondenp00zeis | p.176 "als der goldene Schnitt des menschlichen Körpers"; p.179 "ein wenig unterhalb des goldnen Schnitts liegende Nabel" and "diese Nabelfalte ... schlechthin als Nabel bezeichnen"
- CONFIRMED | z-pages: Three pages later he allowed that the navel itself often lies | https://archive.org/download/neuelehrevondenp00zeis/page/n201.jpg (p.176) and n204.jpg (p.179) + https://archive.org/metadata/neuelehrevondenp00zeis | p.176 "als der goldene Schnitt des menschlichen Körpers"; p.179 "ein wenig unterhalb des goldnen Schnitts liegende Nabel" and "diese Nabelfalte ... schlechthin als Nabel bezeichnen"
- CONFIRMED | z-fold: and asked his readers to take | https://archive.org/download/neuelehrevondenp00zeis/page/n201.jpg (p.176) and n204.jpg (p.179) + https://archive.org/metadata/neuelehrevondenp00zeis | p.176 "als der goldene Schnitt des menschlichen Körpers"; p.179 "ein wenig unterhalb des goldnen Schnitts liegende Nabel" and "diese Nabelfalte ... schlechthin als Nabel bezeichnen"
- CONFIRMED | da-1979: A 1979 paper in The Fibonacci Quarterly | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | 
- CONFIRMED | da-who: A 1979 paper in The Fibonacci Quarterly, by T. Antony Davis and Rudolf Altevogt, gives the idea to Leonardo | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | 
- CONFIRMED | da-quote: Leonardo da Vinci found that the total height of the body and the height from the toes to the navel depression are in Golden Ratio. | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | 
- OBSERVED | da-nosource: The paper gives no source for that | recreated: abstract (p.340) carries no citation; reference list p.384 fetched from https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-b.pdf - 8 refs (Brousseau, Gardner, Hoggatt, Huntley, Michell, Mitchison, Reichardt, Vorob'ev), none by or on Leonardo da Vinci | record note names golden/davis-altevogt-1979.pdf for p.384, but that file (= davis-a.pdf) holds only pp.340-344; and the Leonardo Pisano passage is on p.344, not p.343
- CONFIRMED | da-207: They measured 207 pupils at a school in Münster, whose totals give 1.619 | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | Table 1 grand totals E 32222 / D 19900 = 1.6192 (the abstract itself says "1.618...")
- CONFIRMED | da-252: and 252 young men in Calcutta, for whom the abstract reports 1.615 | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | 
- CONFIRMED | da-1615: for whom the abstract reports 1.615 | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | 
- CONFIRMED | da-means: The paper's own table gives those men a mean height of 162.90 cm and a mean navel height of 100.15 cm, which is 1.627. | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | Table 2 grand means 162.90 / 100.15 = 1.6266 -> 1.627 (page image read, not OCR)
- CONFIRMED | da-0615: The abstract's figure is the table's 0.615 with one added | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | Table 4 All men D/E 0.615; 1 + 0.615 = 1.615 = the abstract; 1/0.615 = 1.626; the add-one route is the page's inference, the only one that gives 1.615
- CONFIRMED | alz: Students measured in Jordan for a study in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology gave the same answer: the navel at 0.603 of the height for the women and 0.596 for the men. | research/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/sources/golden/alzyoud-2022.txt (the kept PDF text, Table 3) + https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-10743 (Crossref) | Female (n=196) 0.603, Males (n=184) 0.596; also Navel Foot/Height from the means: 96.69/160.48 = 0.603, 104.97/175.69 = 0.597
- CONFIRMED | alz-2: for the women and 0.596 for the men | research/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/sources/golden/alzyoud-2022.txt (the kept PDF text, Table 3) + https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-10743 (Crossref) | Female (n=196) 0.603, Males (n=184) 0.596; also Navel Foot/Height from the means: 96.69/160.48 = 0.603, 104.97/175.69 = 0.597
- CONFIRMED | mod-183: Le Corbusier built the golden navel into the Modulor, his architect's scale, as a man 1.83 m tall | https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/dossier-thematique/vocabulaire-corbuseen/ (FOUND online) | 
- CONFIRMED | mod-113: with his navel at 1.13 m | https://www.centrepompidou.fr/fr/magazine/article/focus-sur-le-modulor-main-levee-de-le-corbusier (WebFetch: "la hauteur de mon nombril (1,13 m)") | Springer (Ostwald) answered with a JS client challenge from here; the Pompidou text confirms 1.83 m and 1.13 m independently; Crossref confirms the Ostwald citation
- CONFIRMED | th-n: The largest test is Thomas and colleagues' in JAMA (2020), on 3D scans of 63,623 men and 1,385 women recruited to the US Air Force | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7284298/ (fetched) + Crossref 10.1001/jama.2020.3501 | "63 623 men and 1385 women"; "Air Force training recruits ... Lackland Air Force Base"
- CONFIRMED | th-2020: Thomas and colleagues' in JAMA (2020) | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7284298/ (fetched) + Crossref 10.1001/jama.2020.3501 | "63 623 men and 1385 women"; "Air Force training recruits ... Lackland Air Force Base"
- CONFIRMED | th-af: recruited to the US Air Force | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7284298/ (fetched) + Crossref 10.1001/jama.2020.3501 | "63 623 men and 1385 women"; "Air Force training recruits ... Lackland Air Force Base"
- CONFIRMED | th-quote: Except for arm span and thigh length, the differences in proportions for men measured by the body scanner and Vitruvian Man were within 10%. | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7284298/ (fetched) + Crossref 10.1001/jama.2020.3501 | "63 623 men and 1385 women"; "Air Force training recruits ... Lackland Air Force Base"
- CONFIRMED | kil: none matched the model | https://anthropological-notebooks.zrc-sazu.si/Notebooks/article/view/242 (fetched) | Vol. 18 No. 3 (2012); "Of the nine male and six female subjects, none matched the model"; RECORD URL https://www.anthropology-notebooks.si/ is a homepage (refused by the proxy here) - cite the article page
- CONFIRMED | kil-2012: none matched the model (Kilgore, 2012) | https://anthropological-notebooks.zrc-sazu.si/Notebooks/article/view/242 (fetched) | Vol. 18 No. 3 (2012); "Of the nine male and six female subjects, none matched the model"; RECORD URL https://www.anthropology-notebooks.si/ is a homepage (refused by the proxy here) - cite the article page
- CONFIRMED | kil-15: Smaller studies measured 15 people | https://anthropological-notebooks.zrc-sazu.si/Notebooks/article/view/242 (fetched) | Vol. 18 No. 3 (2012); "Of the nine male and six female subjects, none matched the model"; RECORD URL https://www.anthropology-notebooks.si/ is a homepage (refused by the proxy here) - cite the article page
- CONFIRMED | yil: equal in only 28% of the subjects | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bmj/article/49836 (fetched) | "50 male students"; "equal in only 28% of the subjects"; Balkan Medical Journal 2005(3):137-141; RECORD URL https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bmj/issue/12462/150470 returns 404
- CONFIRMED | yil-2005: Yılmaz and colleagues, 2005 | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bmj/article/49836 (fetched) | "50 male students"; "equal in only 28% of the subjects"; Balkan Medical Journal 2005(3):137-141; RECORD URL https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bmj/issue/12462/150470 returns 404
- CONFIRMED | yil-50: and 50 Turkish men | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bmj/article/49836 (fetched) | "50 male students"; "equal in only 28% of the subjects"; Balkan Medical Journal 2005(3):137-141; RECORD URL https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bmj/issue/12462/150470 returns 404
- WRONG | A1 (MED) "He is one of 13 people in the survey who keep every rule of Vitruvius's that a tape can test" (index.html l.172) and "13 people, all of them men, keep every one of his five that the survey can test (the span, the foot as a sixth, the cubit as a quarter, the hand as a tenth, and the middle of the breast to the crown as a quarter...)" (l.291) | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) 3.1.2 + TR Chest Breadth definition | Morgan: "The length of the foot is one sixth...; of the forearm, one fourth; and the breadth of the breast is also one fourth." ANSUR II measured Chest Breadth ("The maximum horizontal breadth of the chest at the level of the chest point anterior landmark"). By the page's own nearest-part rule 0 of 6,068 are nearest a fourth (men 5:192 6:3278 7:610 8:2; women 5:143 6:1546 7:295 8:2), so 0 of the 13 keep all six; read as biacromial breadth 12 of 13 would, as bideltoid 5 of 13. The survey can test six Vitruvian rules, not five
- WRONG | A2 (MED) "the foot, Leonardo's one change to Vitruvius" (coda l.377); "among men his one change to Vitruvius is a coin toss" (l.313); framing "Most of it repeats Vitruvius; the foot does not" (l.192); TV narration "One line he changed: the size of the foot." (public/tv/lib/narration/batch-111.js l.8) | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) + https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) | Vitruvius: top of breast to roots of hair = a sixth. Leonardo: top of breast to crown = a sixth AND top of breast to roots of hair = "la settima parte". The page's own ledger (l.223) says "Leonardo moves it up to the crown". Apollonio-Gaiani call the foot his "most important" revision, implying others
- WRONG | A3 (MED) The check "recomputes every number in the text with its own code" (l.428); "Every figure on this page is recomputed" (l.425) | verify-the-seventh-part-of-the-man.mjs at 03f50b2e7c (recreated: sentence-only probes, AW_DIR=<copy> node verify-the-seventh-part-of-the-man.mjs) | digits are guarded (39->38 and 93->94 and caption 13->14 all FAIL, exit 1), but number words and quantifiers are not: "four men"->"six men", "twelve installations"->"eleven", "nine men in ten"->"eight", "twice as many"->"three times", "Three pages later"->"Ten", "nine lines"->"seven", "his five"->"his six", "four centuries"->"two", "all of them men"->"all but one of them men", "Nobody is nearest an eighth"->"a seventh", "the rest are nearest the fifth"->"seventh", "nearest a third"->"a fifth" all pass (exit 0, 12 passed). All these statements are currently true (recomputed)
- MINOR | A4 alt text of the forearm strip: "Leonardo's handwriting, mirrored: mano fia la quarta parte" (l.319) | public/strata/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/index.html (the strip's own caption "mano · fia · la ? · parte" and l.327 "To our eye...") | a screen reader hears the contested reading as fact; say "la ? parte, the word Richter printed as quinta"
- MINOR | A5 "Other transcriptions read quarta" (ledger l.249) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man + https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uomo_vitruviano (kept) + Wikisource Fumagalli | one transcription is found (en.wikipedia, cited to Pedretti 2006; it.wikipedia carries the same text unsourced); the only other one named, Fumagalli 1915, reads quinta
- CONFIRMED | A6 "than in an 1883 heliogravure" (l.327) | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n252.jpg | plate imprint "Héliog. Dujardin", "Imp. Eudes", "PL. XVIII"
- CONFIRMED | A7 "The knee, which every transcription reads as quarta" (l.322) | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg and /page/n254.jpg (Richter 1883 pp.182-183, read from the page images) + en/it Wikipedia | Richter and Wikipedia read quarta; Fumagalli's selection stops at the foot ("il piè fia la settima parte dell'omo, etc.") so has no knee line; nothing reads otherwise
- MINOR | A8 "its few combined figures are counts of the people in the two files, not estimates of anything" (l.384) | verify-the-seventh-part-of-the-man.mjs l.178 (navel.fraction.all = median over both files) | "the navel sits about 0.602 of the way up" (l.352) is a pooled median; per sex it is 0.6016 (men) and 0.6020 (women), so the printed 0.602 survives a per-sex computation
- MINOR | A9 "No landmarks at the hairline, the eyebrows or the base of the nose." (l.287) | https://tools.openlab.psu.edu/publicData/ANSURII-TR15-007.pdf (downloaded, pdftotext) landmarks (kept tr15-007-landmarks-pp20-29.txt l.162) | "Glabella: The most anterior point on the frontal bone midway between the bony browridges" is an ANSUR II landmark (used for Head Length); the line is still untestable (no hairline, no subnasale, no vertical face heights)
- MINOR | A10 "built from one person's measurements and nothing else ... it makes one of four choices"; "A limb's width is its measured circumference divided by π" (l.413-415) | public/strata/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/figure.mjs l.52-112 | figure.mjs also scales widths by fixed factors (biceps x0.92 then x1.25 at the shoulder, forearm x0.95 and x0.82, lower thigh x1.08/x0.92, calf x0.86, thigh x0.9, foot x0.92) and adds fixed mm offsets (+8, +30, -10, -25, +15, +35) and places the neck base at 0.6 of chin-to-suprasternale. Lengths and joint positions are the person's; the outline is not "nothing else"
- MINOR | A11 "The facsimile strips are cut ... by make-facsimile-crops.sh, published to read" (l.429) | research/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/make-facsimile-crops.sh (recreated: bash make-facsimile-crops.sh from an empty scratch dir) | exits 23 "curl: (23) Failure writing output to destination" (no sources/richter-1883/ dir; curl lacks --create-dirs); with --create-dirs it fetches the IA scan and reproduces all three strips byte for byte
- MINOR | A12 Davis & Altevogt cited "17 (1979): 340–344 and 384" linking only davis-a.pdf (l.445) | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-b.pdf | p.384 (the reference list behind "The paper gives no source for that") is a separate file, davis-b.pdf; link it
- MINOR | A13 "...sets out, in its third book, the proportions of 'a well shaped man': '4 fingers make 1 palm, and 4 palms make 1 foot, 6 palms make 1 cubit; 4 cubits make a man's height.'" (l.191) | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5000/pg5000.txt (FOUND by assay/sources.mjs --online) + Richter 1883 p.182 page image https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n251.jpg + https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20239/pg20239.txt (FOUND online) | the second quotation is Leonardo's paraphrase in Richter's English, not Vitruvius's words (Morgan has no such sentence; Richter adds "height" to "4 cubiti fā uno uomo"); placed after a Morgan quotation it reads as Vitruvius
- UNVERIFIABLE | A14 "The largest test is Thomas and colleagues' in JAMA (2020)" (l.389) | WebSearch (standard) for large Vitruvian-proportion tests | no larger test found (65,008 scans); a superlative cannot be proved by search
- CONFIRMED | A15 "on a sheet at Windsor" (l.192) | https://col.rct.uk/collection/919136/ (fetched 2026-11-06) | RL 19136; "Collection of Her Majesty the Queen at Windsor Castle"
- CONFIRMED | A16 "Giuseppina Fumagalli's selection ... in 1915" (l.317) | https://archive.org/advancedsearch.php?q=identifier%3Aleonardoprosator00leonuoft | creator "Fumagalli, Giuseppina", 1915
- CONFIRMED | A17 the public files: Active Army/ARNG/Reserve, twelve installations, 4 Oct 2010 - 5 Apr 2012, aged 17-58 (l.383) | public/strata/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/ansur/ANSUR_II_MALE_Public.csv and ANSUR_II_FEMALE_Public.csv (recount in Python) | Components Regular Army/Army National Guard/Army Reserve; 12 installations across both files; dates 2010-10-04..2012-04-05; ages 17..58
- OBSERVED | A18 "Nothing you type leaves this page" (l.362) | recreated by reading app.mjs (its only fetch is ./data.json) and /media/home-banner.js (no fetch/sendBeacon/XHR) | 
- OBSERVED | A19 "With --mutate it plants wrong figures in a copy of the page and checks that each is caught" (l.428) | recreated: scratch copy of the verifier printing the F line, AW_DIR=<copy> --mutate | F: 276 of 276 planted errors caught; ok: 13 passed, 0 failed
- CONFIRMED | A20 Alberti conversions (units of 600): foot 100 = a sixth; throat 500 -> crown 100 = a sixth; os pubis 300 = half; navel 360 = 0.6; wrist 300 - fingertip 230 = 70 (8.57 hands, nearest a ninth); elbow 385 - 230 = 155 (quarter 150, fifth 120) | Janitschek 1877 page images https://archive.org/download/leonebattistaalb00albe/page/n192.jpg, n212.jpg, n214.jpg, n216.jpg | all digits read from the page images; arithmetic redone
- CONFIRMED | A21 Davis-Altevogt arithmetic: 32222/19900 = 1.619; 162.90/100.15 = 1.627; 1 + 0.615 = 1.615; 1/x = 1 + x only for x = 0.618... | https://www.mathstat.dal.ca/FQ/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf (pp.340-344, page images rendered and read) | abstract also says Münster gave "1.618...", i.e. 1 + the Table 3 D/E 0.618, while the totals give 1.619 - consistent with the page's reading of the slip
- CONFIRMED | A22 survey figures recomputed by my own code (Python/Node, separate parsers): foot votes 2,039/2,043 (log), 1,909/2,171 (+2 ties, fraction), 2,180/1,888 (+14 ties, count); women 565/1,421; span 3,650/1,465 wider, 351/297 within 10 mm, 30 equal; navel 1.662/1.661, 698/341 and 1,471/673; crotch 0.481/0.480, 397/203, 3.3 cm; Modulor men 271, 1.104 m; Leonardo keepers 20 men + 4 women; Vitruvius keepers 13, all men, subject 14380 among them; shoulders nobody at an eighth; breast-crown rest all at a fifth; cubit 255 at a third; shoulder-point 5,550 at a fifth and nobody at an eighth; knee-genitals 4,978 at a fifth | the CSVs in public/strata/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/ansur/ (SHA-256 = Penn State today) | all match the page
- CONFIRMED | A23 "four centuries before Zeising" (l.352) | https://cris.unibo.it/retrieve/748c77a8-10d3-4853-b8a8-30574352209e/10621-Articolo-39186-2-10-20231229-1.pdf (pdftotext, p.66) (De statua "databile al 1435 circa") + Janitschek p.XXXIII (after 1464) | 1854 - 1435 = 419; 1854 - 1464 = 390
- CONFIRMED | A24 the facsimile strips are unaltered crops of Richter's Pl. XVIII as the Internet Archive serves it (l.324) | https://archive.org/download/literaryworksofl01leonuoft/page/n252.jpg | IA n252 SHA-256 2aa61c24... = research/.../plate-xviii-n252.jpg; the script regenerates the three strips byte-identical
- CONFIRMED | A25 relates note "there Blondel catches Alberti copying his stair rule, error and all" (src/content/strata/the-seventh-part-of-the-man.md; nearby block) | public/strata/stair-rise-and-run/index.html (the page's text) | that page quotes Blondel: "si religieux copiste du texte de Vitruve ... qu'il n'a pas même voulu en oublier les fautes"
- CONFIRMED | A26 sources list: Alzyoud 125 (2021, published 2022): 67-81; Thomas et al. JAMA 323: 2342-2343; Ostwald NNJ 3 (2001): 145-148; Hotzman et al. TR-11/017 (Aug 2011); Leoni 1755, Bartoli 1568, Janitschek 1877, Zeising 1854 scans | https://api.crossref.org/works/10.36253/ijae-10743 (issued 2022-04-29) + Crossref 10.1001/jama.2020.3501 and 10.1007/s00004-000-0015-0 + archive.org metadata + TR-11/017 cover | 
- MINOR | The knee, which every transcription reads as quarta (facsimile caption) | research/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/sources/leonardo/other-transcriptions-fumagalli-wikipedia.txt | found by the instance while fixing A5: Fumagalli's 1915 selection is 'cut off after the foot with "etc."' and has no knee line; the transcriptions that have it (Richter, English and Italian Wikipedia) read quarta, so 'every' outran what was read
- MINOR | A. Yılmaz, S. Çıkmaz and R. Mesut (sources list) | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bmj/article/49836 | found by the instance while replacing the URL: the record names four authors, 'Yılmaz, A., Yılmaz, A., Çıkmaz, S., & Mesut, R. (2005)'; the page listed three
- MINOR | Each line is tested with one of the survey's measurements, or the difference of two. | public/strata/the-seventh-part-of-the-man/engine.mjs | found by the instance while registering number words: the armpit line is axillaheight - (acromialheight - acromionradialelength), three measurements

## Findings
- [fixed] WRONG (A1): Vitruvius's man was counted on five lines, and the line "the breadth of the breast is also one fourth" (Morgan, 3.1.2) was left out though the survey can test it. Re-read Morgan and the Latin ("pectus item quartae") and recounted with the engine: across the chest (the survey's chest breadth) nobody of the 6,068 is nearest a quarter (3,278 men and 1,546 women nearest a sixth), so nobody keeps all six that way; taken as the greatest width of the shoulders, where Leonardo's list has its quarter, 5 people keep all six, all men, subject 14380 among them (12 at biacromial breadth). The composite paragraph now names all six lines and gives both readings; the hero caption says 5, all men, with the breadth taken across the shoulders. engine.mjs VITRUVIUS_TESTS and the verifier's VIT gained the line; new figures vit.chest.sixth.*; record entries v-breast, t-chestbreadth, leo-breadth.
- [fixed] WRONG (A2): "his one change to Vitruvius" (the foot section), "Leonardo's one change to Vitruvius" (the coda), "Most of it repeats Vitruvius; the foot does not" (the sheet), the dek's "mostly repeats them" and the TV narration's "One line he changed". Re-read Richter pp. 182-183 and Morgan: Leonardo also moves Vitruvius's breast-to-hairline sixth up to the crown, adds a breast-to-hairline seventh and lines Vitruvius does not have. Now: the dek "repeats some of them, adds others and changes a few, among them the foot"; the sheet names the moved sixth (record entries v-breasthair-2, leo-crown); "his new foot is a coin toss"; "where Leonardo changed Vitruvius's number"; TV "Part of the list comes from a Roman architect, and part is his own. Among his changes: the size of the foot."
- [fixed] WRONG (A3): the check said it "recomputes every number in the text" and "Every figure on this page is recomputed" while number words went unchecked: twelve sentence-only edits (four men to six, twelve installations to eleven, nine men in ten, twice as many, Three pages later, nine lines, his five, four centuries, all of them men, an eighth, the fifth, a third) passed. The verifier now carries a WORDS table (92 fragments, each with the count, arithmetic or recorded passage behind it, or why it is not a figure), sweeps the prose for any number word left over, requires each fragment the declared number of times, and in --mutate plants one wrong word per fragment: 374 of 374 planted errors caught. The agent's twelve edits and two more (most of the other men, nearly everybody) were replayed on copies of the fixed page: all fourteen exit 1. The check paragraph now says what is recomputed from the survey, in digits or in words, and what is found in its recorded passage instead.
- [fixed] WRONG (schott-who): "a 1992 review by Gerald Schott" was the instance's error, and the record's link was PMID 1360640, another paper. The kept PubMed record reads "Schott GD(1)" at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, PMID 1361608. The page now says "a 1992 paper in The Lancet by G. D. Schott" (no first name the record does not give), and the record links PMID 1361608.
- [fixed] UNVERIFIABLE (A14): "The largest test is Thomas and colleagues'" became "The largest we found is Thomas and colleagues'", a claim about our search, which is what the evidence supports.
- [fixed] MINOR (A4): the forearm strip's alt text gave the disputed word as quarta; it now reads "mano fia la, then the word in question, then parte".
- [fixed] MINOR (A5): "Other transcriptions read quarta" became "So Richter reads it, and so does Fumagalli. The transcription English Wikipedia cites to Pedretti reads quarta" (record entries fu-quinta-2, wp-quarta-2).
- [fixed] MINOR (ansur-93): "took 93 measurements on each of 11,961 soldiers": the report says 94 were measured and 93 reported. Now "measured 11,961 soldiers, and in 2017 it released two samples ... with 93 measurements on each" (the memorandum); the verifier counts the 93 measurement columns in both files and finds every cell filled.
- [fixed] MINOR (A8): the navel's 0.602 was a median over both files pooled, against the page's own rule. Now a median for each sex (0.6016 and 0.6020, both 0.602 to three places), keys navel.fraction.men and navel.fraction.women in the engine and the verifier.
- [fixed] MINOR (A9): "No landmarks at the hairline, the eyebrows or the base of the nose": the survey has glabella, between the browridges. Now "No landmark at the hairline or at the base of the nose" on the page and in engine.mjs UNTESTABLE; the verdict (untestable) stands.
- [fixed] MINOR (A10): the figure notes said "measurements and nothing else" and "one of four choices". Re-read figure.mjs: fixed width factors near the joints, fixed millimetre offsets, the trunk's outline starting six tenths of the way from the breastbone to the chin. The notes and figure.mjs DRAWN_NOT_MEASURED now say that the lengths, breadths and joint heights are the person's and list the fixed rules; the verifier ties "six tenths", "a third" and "three tenths" to the code in figure.mjs.
- [fixed] MINOR (A11): make-facsimile-crops.sh failed from an empty directory (curl could not write). It now uses --create-dirs and, outside the repository, writes the strips to ./img beside itself; run from an empty folder it exits 0 and reproduces the page's three strips byte for byte (SHA-256 de78cb9a..., ba7c637f..., 92b82bbd...). The page says it needs curl and ImageMagick and what it writes.
- [fixed] MINOR (A12): the Davis and Altevogt citation now links p. 384 (davis-b.pdf, kept as golden/davis-altevogt-1979-p384.pdf and .txt; eight references, none by or on Leonardo da Vinci); the da-nosource note names that file and puts Leonardo Pisano on p. 344, not 343 (checked page by page in the PDF); new record entry da-refs.
- [fixed] MINOR (A13): the quotation "4 fingers make 1 palm ..." read as Vitruvius's own words; it is now introduced as "Leonardo's summary of him begins:" (record entry r-summary).
- [fixed] MINOR (record only): the Yilmaz and Kilgore URLs (a 404 and a journal home page the proxy refused) were replaced with the article pages, both re-fetched: "equal in only 28% of the subjects" and "none matched the model" are there; the sources list now links them too.
- [fixed] MINOR (instance): "The knee, which every transcription reads as quarta" became "which Richter and the Wikipedia transcription both read as quarta" (record entries knee-richter, knee-wp).
- [fixed] MINOR (instance): the Yilmaz citation became "A. Yilmaz and colleagues" rather than a three-name list the record contradicts.
- [fixed] MINOR (instance): the tapes sentence now says each line is tested "with a measurement the survey took, or a difference of them".
- [fixed] glance (not counted): a planted word in og:title passed during the mutation run, because nothing compared the head's copies of the title; the verifier now checks og:title, twitter:title and the JSON-LD headline against the H1, the JSON-LD name against the <title>, and that the <title>'s only number is the count of bodies. "about five minutes" became "a few minutes".