---
slug: the-thirty-sayings
passed: 2026-10-14
by: the assay line (research/assay-line/cited-1014/), Codex fixer directed by claude-assaying-boyle-1014; source record by Codex, checked by Codex
checked: 122
confirmed: 97
wrong: 24
unverifiable: 0
observed: 0
stale: 1
---

This was the directed correction pass for `the-thirty-sayings` at repository read 52c41c8771: I re-read the evidence for all 25 triage items, corrected the layer's authored HTML, markdown, local excerpt and verifier description, and recorded their dispositions below. The 97 CONFIRMED lines are carried forward from the source re-reads documented by the Codex checker in research/assay-line/cited-1014/the-thirty-sayings/N2-codex.md at 985301e445; they are attributed checker results, not 97 additional re-reads claimed by this fixer. MINOR is included in the frontmatter wrong count (13 WRONG plus 11 MINOR); X24 is STALE under the JSON-LD exception. The original checker file retains its other OBSERVED and UNVERIFIABLE entries, outside this directed work list. Literal `\u2014` preserves that character in inherited quotations without writing it here.

## Claims

- WRONG | X1: a bounded fifteen-or-so verses | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | Schipper identifies Proverbs 22:17–23:11. Fresh JPS/Sefaria chapter arrays have 29 verses in chapter 22, so (29-17+1)+11 = 24. This is the subsection span within 22:17–24:22, not a count of directly parallel verses.
- MINOR | X2: the same four consonants (שלשם) | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; git show 985301e445:public/strata/the-thirty-sayings/index.html | Removing points from the three displayed forms leaves שלשום, שלישים and שלושים (5, 6 and 6 letters). Omitting the vowel letters waw and yod yields שלשם. The common skeleton needs that explanation; the Hebrew forms are retained.
- MINOR | X3: Have I not written for you ___ of counsels and knowledge? | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | JPS 1917 Proverbs 22:20 reads "Have not I written unto thee excellent things Of counsels and knowledge;". The modernized blank is a teaching adaptation, now explicitly labelled outside the frame.
- MINOR | X4: repointing שִׁלְשׁוֹם to שְׁלוֹשִׁים | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; git show 985301e445:public/strata/the-thirty-sayings/index.html | The written form and proposed thirty reading differ in vowel-letter spelling as well as points. The prose now states both changes; no quoted Hebrew form was altered.
- WRONG | X5: three things | https://www.bibelkommentare.de/bibel/lxx/export/sprueche/22; https://biblehub.com/sep/proverbs/22.htm | The Greek export at verse 20 has τρισσῶς modifying the recording. Brenton says "And do thou too repeatedly record them". Both were fetched and read; the page now attributes "repeatedly" to Brenton.
- MINOR | X6: is vestigial in Proverbs | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | Freshly read Griffith pp. 230–231: the vestige interpretation is attributed to Erman; Griffith instead says the compiler adopted thirty as the collection structure. The page now identifies both views as interpretations.
- WRONG | X7: a fifteen-verse block | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | Schipper identifies the subsection 22:17–23:11; the JPS chapter boundary gives a span of 24 verses. The page now names that span and explicitly distinguishes it from the number of direct parallels.
- WRONG | X8: fifteen verses, not a religion | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | The bounded case is now located at Proverbs 22:17–23:11. That subsection has 24 verses, not fifteen; the surrounding page identifies the wider 22:17–24:22 collection separately.
- MINOR | X9: asserts each quoted line appears both in its cited source file and on this page. | git show 985301e445:research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | The verifier arrays and loops implement 6 Egyptian-fragment, 5 English-fragment, 4 Hebrew-form, 2 fingerprint and 10 presence checks. A baseline run returned 27/27. It does not check every quotation line; descriptions and comments now say selected fragments and presence conditions.
- WRONG | X10: Griffith's own parentheses for supplied words preserved. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | I visually read Griffith p. 206, papyrus 9.15: "(then ?)". Retaining parentheses while dropping the question mark did not preserve his uncertainty. The question mark is restored in the page and source excerpt. The page ellipsis may cover the later "(or)".
- MINOR | X11: a re-vocalisation of the Masoretic שִׁלְשׁוֹם | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; git show 985301e445:public/strata/the-thirty-sayings/index.html | The displayed proposed emendation changes vowel-letter spelling as well as vowel points. The apparatus now says so while retaining all Hebrew source forms.
- MINOR | X12: Proverbs 22:17–18 | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | JPS/Sefaria verse 22:17 is exactly the displayed English. Verse 18 begins "For it is a pleasant thing" and is not displayed. The panel locator is now 22:17.
- WRONG | X13: The opening charge of each book | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n292.jpg | JPS Proverbs begins at 1:1 with Solomon, while the displayed charge is 22:17. Griffith p. 198 visually identifies the Egyptian excerpt as Chapter I, after the prologue. The note now identifies Chapter I and this Proverbs section.
- WRONG | X14: (then) thy needs shall be secure for thee; | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | Griffith p. 206 visually reads "(then ?) thy needs shall be secure for thee;". That exact uncertainty marker is restored in the HTML and local transcription. The local excerpt also now marks its internal omission and retains "(or)"; the page already had an ellipsis.
- WRONG | X15: three things | https://www.bibelkommentare.de/bibel/lxx/export/sprueche/22; https://biblehub.com/sep/proverbs/22.htm | Greek τρισσῶς is an adverb; Brenton renders it "repeatedly". The interactive reading now gives that attributed wording, consistent with the prose and apparatus.
- MINOR | X16: The same consonants, re-pointed | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; git show 985301e445:public/strata/the-thirty-sayings/index.html | The common four-consonant skeleton requires omitting waw and yod. The interactive thirty reading now describes both the points and vowel-letter spelling, preserving the displayed Hebrew.
- MINOR | X17: Re-point the vowels and the Hebrew says what the Egyptian book says | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; git show 985301e445:public/strata/the-thirty-sayings/index.html | The interactive explanation now states that the proposed reading changes vowel-letter spelling too. The computed unpointed lengths are 5, 6 and 6, with the shared normalized skeleton שלשם.
- WRONG | X18: a bounded fifteen-verse block | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | The dek now identifies the 24-verse subsection Proverbs 22:17–23:11 within the wider collection. Replacement figure: 29 verses in JPS/Sefaria chapter 22, hence (29-17+1)+11 = 24.
- WRONG | X19: Every line verbatim from a named public-domain source | git show 985301e445:research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | The dek promised every line was verbatim, but the teaching frame adapts JPS and the Griffith excerpt lost a question mark. The assurance now distinguishes source excerpts from the labelled adaptation and describes selected verifier checks. The recorded 27/27 run was not false.
- WRONG | X20: Every line verbatim from a named public-domain source | git show 985301e445:research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | The markdown body repeated the same blanket assurance. It now distinguishes source excerpts from the labelled teaching adaptation and scopes the verifier accurately; the corrected Griffith text retains "(then ?)".
- MINOR | X21: the Hebrew crux the Egyptian original solved. | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; git show 985301e445:public/strata/the-thirty-sayings/index.html | Schipper defends the traditional text without the thirty emendation; the page body itself presents it as contested. The Open Graph description now says "helped interpret" rather than asserting a settled solution.
- MINOR | X22: the Hebrew crux the Egyptian original solved. | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; git show 985301e445:public/strata/the-thirty-sayings/index.html | The Twitter description now uses the same "helped interpret" qualification as Open Graph. Schipper and the page body support the interpretive dispute, not certainty that the crux was solved.
- WRONG | X23: Every quotation is verbatim from a named public-domain source and machine-rechecked. | git show 985301e445:research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | The structured description repeated the blanket verbatim assurance. It now distinguishes source excerpts from the adapted teaching frame and names the actual limited checking scope; Griffith's missing uncertainty marker is restored.
- STALE | X24: "dateModified":"2026-06-30" | git log 985301e445 -- public/strata/the-thirty-sayings/index.html; git show 985301e445:memory/log.d/2026-06-30T2230Z-the-thirty-sayings.md | The author log supports the original June 30 date. Read-only git history records later changes through October 1, before this pass. dateModified is now 2026-10-14. The explicit metadata exception applies because the Corrected lines date this revision.
- WRONG | X25: Both transcribe every line verbatim from named public-domain editions | git show 985301e445:research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | The authored relates note now describes this page's source excerpts and labelled teaching adaptation. The old assurance remains without a correction in the historical note from the-thirty-sayings to wine-dark-sea in public/strata/there-here/index.html:250 and research/lineage-edge-grammar/page.json:1. These copies are outside this repair's layer scope and the landing rebuild exceptions, so X25 remains open. This finding establishes no error in the sibling layer's own quotations.

- CONFIRMED | There is a passage in the Hebrew Bible that an Egyptian wrote first. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=egyptian-first. Griffith p. 191 reports evidence that a section of Proverbs "borrowed expressions from the Egyptian text"; his footnote dates Erman to "1 May 1924, 86-93." Schipper independently describes Erman and the connection. The broad collection is 22:17-24:22; the directly parallel subsection is 22:17-23:11. This does not establish that every verse of the larger collection was borrowed.
- CONFIRMED | The book of Proverbs has a section \u2014 chapter 22 verse 17 through 24 verse 22 \u2014 that scholars have recognised for a century as drawn from an older Egyptian book of wisdom, The Instruction of Amenemope. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=section-and-century. Griffith p. 191 reports evidence that a section of Proverbs "borrowed expressions from the Egyptian text"; his footnote dates Erman to "1 May 1924, 86-93." Schipper independently describes Erman and the connection. The broad collection is 22:17-24:22; the directly parallel subsection is 22:17-23:11. This does not establish that every verse of the larger collection was borrowed.
- CONFIRMED | verbal and structural correspondences close enough that the relationship is not in serious doubt, published across a hundred years of Egyptology and biblical scholarship. | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1163%2F15685330152939488 | id=relationship-certainty. The record excerpt, Ruffle's "not proven", is dissent and cannot establish the majority position. Schipper instead says "one can follow the majority of scholars" and describes a "deliberate adaptation". Emerton's publisher-supplied abstract explicitly answers Whybray and Ruffle. The page also acknowledges dissent; its adaptation inference is supported, not unanimous.
- CONFIRMED | the Egyptian original even helped solve a riddle in the Hebrew text that the Hebrew alone could not. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=egypt-solves-hebrew. Griffith p. 191 reports evidence that a section of Proverbs "borrowed expressions from the Egyptian text"; his footnote dates Erman to "1 May 1924, 86-93." Schipper independently describes Erman and the connection. The broad collection is 22:17-24:22; the directly parallel subsection is 22:17-23:11. This does not establish that every verse of the larger collection was borrowed.
- CONFIRMED | Around 1300–1075 BCE | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/30616-the-teaching-of-amenemope-and-its-connection-with-the-book-of-proverbs.pdf | id=ramesside-date. The excerpt says "likely composed during the Ramesside period in the late second millennium B.C.E." The page gives an approximate, explicitly uncertain range, not a dated manuscript. Ruffle pp. 33-34 also argues for composition before 1000 BCE and Ramesside use. The record excerpt does not itself supply the exact endpoints 1300 and 1075.
- CONFIRMED | an Egyptian scribe named Amenemope, son of Kanakht, set down thirty numbered chapters of counsel for his son. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n318.jpg; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=scribe-name-son-chapters. The work names "Amenemopi son of Kanukht" (Griffith p. 197), addresses his son, and labels its final section "Thirtieth Chapter" (scan p. 224). Schipper describes a scribe teaching his son and thirty chapters. Attribution within the ancient work is supported; this is not an independent biography.
- CONFIRMED | One papyrus of it, BM 10474, reached the British Museum in 1888; | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=museum-arrival. Griffith p. 191 gives "1888", an initial account in 1922, the complete official publication "In the following year", and Budge drawing attention to Proverbs. Thus the full 1923 edition and Budge's recognition are supported; the page does not claim that no partial publication preceded it.
- CONFIRMED | E. A. Wallis Budge published it in 1923 and noticed at once that it sounded like the Bible. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=budge-publication. Griffith p. 191 gives "1888", an initial account in 1922, the complete official publication "In the following year", and Budge drawing attention to Proverbs. Thus the full 1923 edition and Budge's recognition are supported; the page does not claim that no partial publication preceded it.
- CONFIRMED | In 1924 the German Egyptologist Adolf Erman proved why: he laid Amenemope beside the "Words of the Wise" in Proverbs and showed, line for line, that the Hebrew had followed the Egyptian. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=erman-demonstration. Griffith p. 191 reports evidence that a section of Proverbs "borrowed expressions from the Egyptian text"; his footnote dates Erman to "1 May 1924, 86-93." Schipper independently describes Erman and the connection. The broad collection is 22:17-24:22; the directly parallel subsection is 22:17-23:11. This does not establish that every verse of the larger collection was borrowed.
- CONFIRMED | The near-consensus since: Proverbs drew on Amenemope, or on the tradition it carries \u2014 an adaptation, not a copy. | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1163%2F15685330152939488 | id=near-consensus. The record excerpt, Ruffle's "not proven", is dissent and cannot establish the majority position. Schipper instead says "one can follow the majority of scholars" and describes a "deliberate adaptation". Emerton's publisher-supplied abstract explicitly answers Whybray and Ruffle. The page also acknowledges dissent; its adaptation inference is supported, not unanimous.
- CONFIRMED | On the left, Amenemope in the public-domain English of the Egyptologist F. Ll. Griffith (1926); | https://archive.org/metadata/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=griffith-english. Archive metadata says "dc.date.citation: 1926" and "dc.rights: Out_of_copyright". Griffith's title/byline and the actual English are present in the scanned article. The metadata alone establishes neither the byline nor quotation accuracy; those were checked separately.
- CONFIRMED | on the right, Proverbs in the public-domain Jewish Publication Society version (1917), with the Hebrew beneath. | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=jps-english. The Sefaria response identifies "The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)", "license": "Public Domain", and "Tanach with Nikkud" with versionSource "http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml". English and Hebrew displayed passages were compared with the returned verse arrays.
- CONFIRMED | the small Hebrew changes that prove this is adaptation and not transcription. | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1163%2F15685330152939488 | id=changes-prove-adaptation. The record excerpt, Ruffle's "not proven", is dissent and cannot establish the majority position. Schipper instead says "one can follow the majority of scholars" and describes a "deliberate adaptation". Emerton's publisher-supplied abstract explicitly answers Whybray and Ruffle. The page also acknowledges dissent; its adaptation inference is supported, not unanimous.
- CONFIRMED | Amenemope warns against moving the boundary-stones of the widow; | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n298.jpg | id=widow-boundary. The scan p. 204 is headed "Chapter VI" and reads "nor throw down the boundaries of the widow." The complete four-line panel quotation matches after removing footnote/line numbers. Raw OCR errors caused NOT FOUND; the scan resolves them.
- CONFIRMED | Proverbs makes it the field of the fatherless. | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=orphan-field. Proverbs 23:10 says "and enter not into the fields of the fatherless;".
- CONFIRMED | Amenemope's stolen riches fly off like geese | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | id=stolen-riches-geese. Scan p. 206, Chapter VII: "if riches be brought to thee by robbery" and "(or) they have made themselves wings like geese". The underlying stolen-riches comparison and chapter are correct.
- CONFIRMED | a thoroughly Egyptian bird, the Nile fowl; | https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/30616-the-teaching-of-amenemope-and-its-connection-with-the-book-of-proverbs.pdf; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=nile-fowl. Ruffle p. 60 explicitly contrasts "Egyptian geese" and "a Hebrew eagle". Schipper explains the Nilotic versus Israelite habitats. JPS Proverbs 23:5 reads "Like an eagle that flieth toward heaven."
- CONFIRMED | in Proverbs they fly like an eagle, the bird a Hebrew poet reaches for. | https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/30616-the-teaching-of-amenemope-and-its-connection-with-the-book-of-proverbs.pdf; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=hebrew-eagle. Ruffle p. 60 explicitly contrasts "Egyptian geese" and "a Hebrew eagle". Schipper explains the Nilotic versus Israelite habitats. JPS Proverbs 23:5 reads "Like an eagle that flieth toward heaven."
- CONFIRMED | A copyist preserves; an adapter substitutes the image his own world supplies. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=adapter-substitutes. Griffith p. 230 describes "an absorption of ideas" reappearing in new forms. Schipper develops the Egyptian scribal method of adaptation. These are declared interpretive comparisons, supported by that scholarship; the record excerpt is incomplete without its surrounding argument.
- CONFIRMED | See for thyself these thirty chapters. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n318.jpg | id=amenemope-thirty. Scan p. 224, Chapter XXX, begins "See for thyself these thirty chapters,". The page closes an excerpt with a period, without changing the words. It is in the epilogue, not literally the final sentence of the entire work.
- CONFIRMED | Amenemope closes by naming itself: | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n318.jpg | id=amenemope-closing. Scan p. 224, Chapter XXX, begins "See for thyself these thirty chapters,". The page closes an excerpt with a period, without changing the words. It is in the epilogue, not literally the final sentence of the entire work.
- CONFIRMED | at the very head of the Hebrew passage, Proverbs 22:20, sits a word that for centuries nobody could read. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=unreadable-centuries. Griffith p. 191 calls it a "puzzling word" and lists incompatible interpretations over "2100 years". In this context the page means unresolved interpretation, not literal inability to pronounce any letters; its adjoining panel gives the historic readings.
- CONFIRMED | הֲלֹא כָתַבְתִּי לְךָ שלשום | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=hebrew-crux-prefix. NFC normalization makes each displayed Hebrew excerpt a literal substring of its cited Sefaria verse. The online checker's word-for-word warnings are caused by canonically equivalent combining-mark order, not different vowels or letters.
- CONFIRMED | It is a beautiful argument and probably right. | https://tips.translation.bible/story/translation-commentary-on-proverbs-2220/ | id=probable-emendation. The page explicitly labels this a judgment. Schipper's cited dissent does not support it; the UBS Handbook does: "most commentators accept that “thirty” is most likely to have been the original intention". A probable, contested conclusion is supported, not established certainty.
- CONFIRMED | But it is an emendation, not the text as the Masoretes vowelled it | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.bibelkommentare.de/bibel/lxx/export/sprueche/22 | id=masorete-emendation. Sefaria prints ketiv "שלשום" and qere "שָׁלִישִׁים". The LXX has "τρισσῶς", threefold/thrice, not thirty. The short label "three" identifies the numeral family; the longer quotation "three things" is separately marked WRONG.
- CONFIRMED | serious scholars (Knut Heim, Bernd Schipper) defend the traditional Hebrew and call "thirty" a conjecture the Egyptian parallel inspired. | https://biblicalelearning.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Heim_Prov_EN_Lec14_Prov22_24_Amenemope.pdf; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=heim-dissent. Heim pp. 3-4 discusses ketiv/qere and rejects the confidence of the thirty-saying reconstruction: "I'm not convinced." Schipper says "there is no need to emend the Hebrew text of verse 20". Both sources were read, not merely the record's excerpt for one author.
- CONFIRMED | Heim and Schipper defend the traditional text. | https://biblicalelearning.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Heim_Prov_EN_Lec14_Prov22_24_Amenemope.pdf; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=schipper-dissent. Heim pp. 3-4 discusses ketiv/qere and rejects the confidence of the thirty-saying reconstruction: "I'm not convinced." Schipper says "there is no need to emend the Hebrew text of verse 20". Both sources were read, not merely the record's excerpt for one author.
- CONFIRMED | its god is the sun-disc the Aten | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=aten. Griffith p. 206 says "Thou shalt pray to the Aten when he rises"; p. 222 explains "the Aten" as the sun's disk. This supports the named deity without claiming Egyptian monotheism.
- CONFIRMED | its world is the Nile, the scribal office, the goddess Maat; | https://www.crcc.org/the-instruction-of-amenemope | id=nile-scribe-maat. The supplied PDF has the Egyptian scribal prologue, river imagery, and "Maat is a great gift of god,". Source-record correction: this line is Chapter 20, papyrus XXI.5, not its stated "Chapter 17, papyrus 17.5". Maat is the Egyptian concept/personification, not evidence that Aten is the text's only deity.
- CONFIRMED | it reads as native, where the Proverbs lines read as a graft. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=native-graft. Griffith p. 230 describes "an absorption of ideas" reappearing in new forms. Schipper develops the Egyptian scribal method of adaptation. These are declared interpretive comparisons, supported by that scholarship; the record excerpt is incomplete without its surrounding argument.
- CONFIRMED | The honest qualifier: the channel \u2014 a direct Egyptian scroll, a Hebrew or Aramaic intermediary, a shared Near-Eastern wisdom tradition \u2014 is still debated, and a minority (Whybray, Ruffle) has doubted the directness at all. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/30616-the-teaching-of-amenemope-and-its-connection-with-the-book-of-proverbs.pdf; https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1163%2F15685330152939488 | id=transmission-channel. Ruffle pp. 63-65 gives "not proven", considers a common source, and proposes a scribe remembering Egyptian training. Griffith discusses a Hebrew/Aramaic intermediary. Emerton's abstract explicitly names "the scepticism of R.N. Whybray". Griffith alone cannot establish the later scholars' positions.
- CONFIRMED | a minority (Whybray, Ruffle) has doubted the directness at all. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/30616-the-teaching-of-amenemope-and-its-connection-with-the-book-of-proverbs.pdf; https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1163%2F15685330152939488 | id=ruffle-minority. Ruffle pp. 63-65 gives "not proven", considers a common source, and proposes a scribe remembering Egyptian training. Griffith discusses a Hebrew/Aramaic intermediary. Emerton's abstract explicitly names "the scepticism of R.N. Whybray". Griffith alone cannot establish the later scholars' positions.
- CONFIRMED | The ordinary, sober reality of how ancient scribes worked: they read each other across borders. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=scribes-across-borders. Griffith p. 230 describes "an absorption of ideas" reappearing in new forms. Schipper develops the Egyptian scribal method of adaptation. These are declared interpretive comparisons, supported by that scholarship; the record excerpt is incomplete without its surrounding argument.
- CONFIRMED | they rest on fabricated correspondences and ignore the texts they claim to quote. | https://blog.lippard.org/2008/06/zeitgeist-movie.html/ | id=zeitgeist-fabrication. Lippard's direct review of the film states "the film draws a list of comparisons between Horus and Jesus that is just fabricated" and supplies counterexamples. This supports the critique of the named documentary, not a denial of all Egyptian-Christian contact.
- CONFIRMED | F. Ll. Griffith, "The Teaching of Amenophis the Son of Kanakht. Papyrus B.M. 10,474," Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 12 (1926), 191–231 | https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F030751332601200136; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=griffith-citation. Crossref DOI 10.1177/030751332601200136 identifies F. Ll. Griffith, the article title, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology volume 12, pages 191-231, issued 1926. The scan title gives "PAPYRUS B.M. 10474". Online DOI check: MATCH.
- CONFIRMED | Griffith d. 1934 | https://egyptartefacts.griffith.ox.ac.uk/resources/university-oxford-excavations-nubia/ | id=griffith-death. Oxford's Griffith Institute history says "After Griffith’s death in 1934".
- CONFIRMED | the JEA vol. is marked out of copyright | https://archive.org/metadata/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=volume-copyright. Archive metadata says "dc.date.citation: 1926" and "dc.rights: Out_of_copyright". Griffith's title/byline and the actual English are present in the scanned article. The metadata alone establishes neither the byline nor quotation accuracy; those were checked separately.
- CONFIRMED | English from the Jewish Publication Society version (1917, public domain); | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=jps-citation. The Sefaria response identifies "The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)", "license": "Public Domain", and "Tanach with Nikkud" with versionSource "http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml". English and Hebrew displayed passages were compared with the returned verse arrays.
- CONFIRMED | Hebrew is the Masoretic consonantal-plus-vowel text (Westminster Leningrad Codex / Tanach), which is uncopyrightable. | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.tanach.us/License.html | id=hebrew-edition. Sefaria labels the Hebrew version "Tanach with Nikkud" and "Public Domain". The license page permits copying "without restriction". Source-record caveat: the current Tanach.us page explicitly says "not the Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC)" and identifies UXLC; it cannot by itself authenticate Sefaria's older WLC provenance.
- CONFIRMED | Budge published BM 10474 in 1923 and first noticed the resemblance; | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=discovery-budge-first. Griffith p. 191 gives "1888", an initial account in 1922, the complete official publication "In the following year", and Budge drawing attention to Proverbs. Thus the full 1923 edition and Budge's recognition are supported; the page does not claim that no partial publication preceded it.
- CONFIRMED | Adolf Erman, "Eine ägyptische Quelle der 'Sprüche Salomos'" (Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie, 1924), | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=erman-citation. Griffith p. 191 footnote 8 gives Erman's German title, the Prussian Academy proceedings, and "1 May 1924, 86-93." The OCR loses some accents; the bibliographical identity is clear.
- CONFIRMED | The near-consensus (Wilson, Lichtheim, Fox, Waltke) has held since. | https://biblicalelearning.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Heim_Prov_EN_Lec14_Prov22_24_Amenemope.pdf; https://www.sbl-site.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/SlaveryAbolitionism_Avalos_SPP.pdf; https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/E0/05/10/37/00001/WESSEL_K.pdf | id=named-consensus. Heim p. 1 quotes Waltke's majority assessment; p. 3 explicitly includes Michael Fox. For the names omitted by that excerpt, Avalos, Slavery, Abolitionism, and the Ethics of Biblical Scholarship, p. 45 and notes 24-25, quotes Wilson's acceptance and Lichtheim's dating, while the Lichtheim introduction is reproduced in the scholarly discussions cited in the supplementary evidence. These are support for a majority, not unanimity.
- CONFIRMED | the Masoretic reading and the Septuagint ("three") do not say thirty | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.bibelkommentare.de/bibel/lxx/export/sprueche/22 | id=mt-lxx-not-thirty. Sefaria prints ketiv "שלשום" and qere "שָׁלִישִׁים". The LXX has "τρισσῶς", threefold/thrice, not thirty. The short label "three" identifies the numeral family; the longer quotation "three things" is separately marked WRONG.
- CONFIRMED | Amenemope's composition is placed c. 1300–1075 BCE (Ramesside), inherently uncertain; | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/30616-the-teaching-of-amenemope-and-its-connection-with-the-book-of-proverbs.pdf | id=date-range-apparatus. The excerpt says "likely composed during the Ramesside period in the late second millennium B.C.E." The page gives an approximate, explicitly uncertain range, not a dated manuscript. Ruffle pp. 33-34 also argues for composition before 1000 BCE and Ramesside use. The record excerpt does not itself supply the exact endpoints 1300 and 1075.
- CONFIRMED | the Proverbs collection is later, with its compilation debated. | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/30616-the-teaching-of-amenemope-and-its-connection-with-the-book-of-proverbs.pdf | id=proverbs-later. Schipper's argument describes the Hebrew author using an existing Egyptian instruction; Ruffle surveys uncertain dating of the two works. The modest relative-composition claim, including that compilation is debated, is consistent with those sources. The record's Griffith excerpt alone does not supply a date.
- CONFIRMED | Give thine ears, hear (the words) that are said, give thy mind to interpret them. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n292.jpg | id=egypt-quote-1. Scan p. 198 is headed "Chapter I. Charge to the Pupil." It prints the two lines beginning "Give thine ears" and "give thy mind". The page changes only terminal semicolon to period when excerpting. NOT FOUND in OCR is not a missing passage.
- CONFIRMED | Incline thine ear, and hear the words of the wise, And apply thy heart unto my knowledge. | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=proverbs-quote-1. The displayed English is the full JPS text of Proverbs 22:17. Verse 18 is not displayed; that overbroad locator is assessed separately.
- CONFIRMED | הַט אָזְנְךָ וּשְׁמַע דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=hebrew-quote-1. NFC normalization makes each displayed Hebrew excerpt a literal substring of its cited Sefaria verse. The online checker's word-for-word warnings are caused by canonically equivalent combining-mark order, not different vowels or letters.
- CONFIRMED | Amenemope · Chapter I | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n292.jpg | id=egypt-reference-1. Scan p. 198 is headed "Chapter I. Charge to the Pupil." It prints the two lines beginning "Give thine ears" and "give thy mind". The page changes only terminal semicolon to period when excerpting. NOT FOUND in OCR is not a missing passage.
- CONFIRMED | Remove not the landmark on the boundaries of the sown, nor shift the position of the measuring-cord; covet not a cubit of land, nor throw down the boundaries of the widow. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n298.jpg | id=egypt-quote-2. The scan p. 204 is headed "Chapter VI" and reads "nor throw down the boundaries of the widow." The complete four-line panel quotation matches after removing footnote/line numbers. Raw OCR errors caused NOT FOUND; the scan resolves them.
- CONFIRMED | Remove not the ancient landmark, Which thy fathers have set. … and enter not into the fields of the fatherless; | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=proverbs-quote-2. The JPS arrays supply "Remove not the ancient landmark, Which thy fathers have set." at 22:28 and the quoted fatherless clause at 23:10. The panel marks the intervening omission with an ellipsis.
- CONFIRMED | אַל־תַּסֵּג גְּבוּל עוֹלָם וּבִשְׂדֵי יְתוֹמִים אַל־תָּבֹא | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=hebrew-quote-2. NFC normalization makes each displayed Hebrew excerpt a literal substring of its cited Sefaria verse. The online checker's word-for-word warnings are caused by canonically equivalent combining-mark order, not different vowels or letters.
- CONFIRMED | Amenemope · Chapter VI | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n298.jpg | id=egypt-reference-2. The scan p. 204 is headed "Chapter VI" and reads "nor throw down the boundaries of the widow." The complete four-line panel quotation matches after removing footnote/line numbers. Raw OCR errors caused NOT FOUND; the scan resolves them.
- CONFIRMED | Proverbs 22:28 · 23:10 | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=proverbs-reference-2. The JPS arrays supply "Remove not the ancient landmark, Which thy fathers have set." at 22:28 and the quoted fatherless clause at 23:10. The panel marks the intervening omission with an ellipsis.
- CONFIRMED | Fingerprint of adaptation: Amenemope protects the boundary of the WIDOW; Proverbs, the field of the FATHERLESS. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n298.jpg; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=parallel-note-2. The Egyptian scan says "the widow"; JPS 23:10 says "the fatherless". The adaptation interpretation is also made in the scholarship, not established by the Egyptian excerpt alone.
- CONFIRMED | Weary not thyself to be rich; … For riches certainly make themselves wings, Like an eagle that flieth toward heaven. | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=proverbs-quote-3. JPS 23:4 supplies "Weary not thyself to be rich;" and 23:5 supplies "For riches certainly make themselves wings, Like an eagle that flieth toward heaven." The panel explicitly marks its omission.
- CONFIRMED | כִּי עָשֹׂה יַעֲשֶׂה־לּוֹ כְנָפַיִם כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעוּף הַשָּׁמָיִם | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=hebrew-quote-3. The panel follows the qere "יָעוּף" of 23:5 instead of reproducing the apparatus "ועיף [יָעוּף]". After selecting qere and normalizing Unicode mark order, its letters and vowels match. Apparatus omission is not a different reading.
- CONFIRMED | Amenemope · Chapter VII | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg | id=egypt-reference-3. Scan p. 206, Chapter VII: "if riches be brought to thee by robbery" and "(or) they have made themselves wings like geese". The underlying stolen-riches comparison and chapter are correct.
- CONFIRMED | Proverbs 23:4–5 | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=proverbs-reference-3. JPS 23:4 supplies "Weary not thyself to be rich;" and 23:5 supplies "For riches certainly make themselves wings, Like an eagle that flieth toward heaven." The panel explicitly marks its omission.
- CONFIRMED | The second fingerprint: Amenemope’s riches fly off like GEESE, the Nile fowl; the Hebrew poet makes them an EAGLE. | https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/30616-the-teaching-of-amenemope-and-its-connection-with-the-book-of-proverbs.pdf; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=parallel-note-3. Ruffle p. 60 explicitly contrasts "Egyptian geese" and "a Hebrew eagle". Schipper explains the Nilotic versus Israelite habitats. JPS Proverbs 23:5 reads "Like an eagle that flieth toward heaven."
- CONFIRMED | Eat not bread in presence of a noble, nor apply thy mouth at the beginning. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n314.jpg | id=egypt-quote-4. Scan p. 220, Chapter XXIII, has both lines exactly: "Eat not bread in presence of a noble," and "nor apply thy mouth at the beginning."
- CONFIRMED | When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider well him that is before thee; | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=proverbs-quote-4. JPS Proverbs 23:1 matches the displayed English in full.
- CONFIRMED | כִּי תֵשֵׁב לִלְחוֹם אֶת מוֹשֵׁל בִּין תָּבִין אֶת אֲשֶׁר לְפָנֶיךָ | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=hebrew-quote-4. Proverbs 23:1 has the same words and vowels. The panel uses spaces where Sefaria has three maqaf joiners and omits terminal sof pasuq; no lexical change is present. These presentational differences are not charged as factual misquotation.
- CONFIRMED | Amenemope · Chapter XXIII | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n314.jpg | id=egypt-reference-4. Scan p. 220, Chapter XXIII, has both lines exactly: "Eat not bread in presence of a noble," and "nor apply thy mouth at the beginning."
- CONFIRMED | Proverbs 23:1 | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=proverbs-reference-4. JPS Proverbs 23:1 matches the displayed English in full.
- CONFIRMED | Manners at a great man’s table \u2014 the same scene, the same caution, two cultures apart. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n314.jpg; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=parallel-note-4. Both primary passages concern restraint while eating with a noble/ruler; the interpretation fits the cited passages.
- CONFIRMED | Proverbs 22:28 · 23:10 | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=proverbs-reference-2-ch22. The JPS arrays supply "Remove not the ancient landmark, Which thy fathers have set." at 22:28 and the quoted fatherless clause at 23:10. The panel marks the intervening omission with an ellipsis.
- CONFIRMED | "formerly / heretofore." The Masoretic text as written and vowelled. The ordinary sense of the word everywhere else in the Hebrew Bible \u2014 but here it makes thin sense, which is why the verse became a riddle. | https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8032.htm; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=formerly-gloss. BDB gives "day before yesterday", explains idiomatic uses for former time, and calls Proverbs 22:20 ketiv difficult. Schipper prints the ketiv interpreted temporally. These are lexical glosses, not a purported continuous quotation from JPS; the record misclassifies the slash-separated gloss as a verbatim source quotation.
- CONFIRMED | "formerly / heretofore." | https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8032.htm; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=formerly-quote. BDB gives "day before yesterday", explains idiomatic uses for former time, and calls Proverbs 22:20 ketiv difficult. Schipper prints the ketiv interpreted temporally. These are lexical glosses, not a purported continuous quotation from JPS; the record misclassifies the slash-separated gloss as a verbatim source quotation.
- CONFIRMED | "officers / excellent things." | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs%2022%3A20&version=ESV%3BNIV%3BNRSVUE%3BKJV; https://tips.translation.bible/story/translation-commentary-on-proverbs-2220/ | id=excellent-quote. JPS and KJV have "excellent things"; the UBS Handbook explains the traditional reading as "officers" or "important things". This is a compact lexical gloss, not a quotation of one uninterrupted JPS clause.
- CONFIRMED | the emendation · ESV · NIV · NRSV | https://biblehub.com/proverbs/22-20.htm; https://tips.translation.bible/story/translation-commentary-on-proverbs-2220/ | id=modern-versions. The parallel translations actually print thirty in ESV, NIV and NRSV. The UBS Handbook explicitly says "Revised Standard Version and most recent translations". This supports the modern-translation claim; it does not measure quotation frequency.
- CONFIRMED | the traditional reading · KJV · JPS 1917 | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs%2022%3A20&version=ESV%3BNIV%3BNRSVUE%3BKJV; https://tips.translation.bible/story/translation-commentary-on-proverbs-2220/ | id=traditional-versions. JPS and KJV have "excellent things"; the UBS Handbook explains the traditional reading as "officers" or "important things". This is a compact lexical gloss, not a quotation of one uninterrupted JPS clause.
- CONFIRMED | The plain Masoretic word \u2014 and the honest starting point: as written, it barely fits, and that misfit is the whole problem. | https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8032.htm; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=crux-note-1. BDB gives "day before yesterday", explains idiomatic uses for former time, and calls Proverbs 22:20 ketiv difficult. Schipper prints the ketiv interpreted temporally. These are lexical glosses, not a purported continuous quotation from JPS; the record misclassifies the slash-separated gloss as a verbatim source quotation.
- CONFIRMED | The traditional fix, and the one in the public-domain Bible quoted above. Note the Septuagint’s independent guess: "three." | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.bibelkommentare.de/bibel/lxx/export/sprueche/22 | id=crux-note-2. JPS uses the traditional "excellent things"; the Greek has the tri- numeral in the adverb "τρισσῶς". Its interpretation as an alternative to thirty is correct, though the page's separate rendering "three things" is not.
- CONFIRMED | It is published to read. | git show 985301e445:research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs; https://artwaste.land/checks/research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs | id=published-check. The linked verifier downloaded with HTTP 200, 6969 bytes, identical to the pinned public mirror. Running node verify.mjs in the empty reader directory exits 1 with ENOENT for the expected repository page path, exactly as the placard warns: "Running it needs the repository around it." No standalone run is promised.
- CONFIRMED | Running it needs the repository around it. | git show 985301e445:research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs; https://artwaste.land/checks/research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs | id=repository-required. The linked verifier downloaded with HTTP 200, 6969 bytes, identical to the pinned public mirror. Running node verify.mjs in the empty reader directory exits 1 with ENOENT for the expected repository page path, exactly as the placard warns: "Running it needs the repository around it." No standalone run is promised.
- CONFIRMED | Proverbs 22:17–24:22 (the 'Words of the Wise') has been recognised for a century as drawn from an older Egyptian book, the Instruction of Amenemope, set down in the Ramesside age around 1300–1075 BCE. | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=dek-borrowing. This identifies the wider Words of the Wise collection containing the borrowing. Schipper explicitly traces Gressmann's extension to 22:17-24:22 and confines direct parallels to 22:17-23:11. The Ramesside date and 1924 recognition are separately supported. It would be wrong to infer that every verse of the wider collection has an Egyptian parallel.
- CONFIRMED | including the two 'fingerprints' that prove adaptation, not copying: Amenemope guards the boundary of the widow, Proverbs the field of the fatherless; Amenemope's stolen riches fly off like geese, Proverbs makes them an eagle. | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n298.jpg; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n300.jpg; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=dek-fingerprints. The two pairs are present in the primary texts: "widow" / "fatherless" and "geese" / "eagle". They support the adaptation interpretation also advanced by Schipper; the source record supplies only the Egyptian half and needs the Hebrew source alongside it.
- CONFIRMED | Then the strangest gift: Amenemope ends 'see for thyself these thirty chapters,' and a word at the head of the Hebrew passage (Proverbs 22:20) that nobody could read for centuries turns out, when the Egyptian book is taken as the key, to say 'thirty', an emendation most modern Bibles now print, shown here honestly as the contested conjecture it is | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/page/n318.jpg; https://tips.translation.bible/story/translation-commentary-on-proverbs-2220/ | id=dek-crux. Griffith p. 191 explains the old interpretive difficulty; scan p. 224 contains the epilogue's thirty chapters. The UBS Handbook supports most modern translations. The dek explicitly calls this a "contested conjecture", so it does not claim certainty in the way the shorter social descriptions do.
- CONFIRMED | the Masoretic text and the Septuagint do not say thirty; Heim and Schipper defend the traditional reading | https://biblicalelearning.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Heim_Prov_EN_Lec14_Prov22_24_Amenemope.pdf; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=dek-dissent. Heim pp. 3-4 discusses ketiv/qere and rejects the confidence of the thirty-saying reconstruction: "I'm not convinced." Schipper says "there is no need to emend the Hebrew text of verse 20". Both sources were read, not merely the record's excerpt for one author.
- CONFIRMED | The Bible's book of Proverbs contains a section (22:17 to 24:22) that scholars have recognised since 1924 as drawn from an older Egyptian wisdom text, the Instruction of Amenemope. See the two texts side by side, and the Hebrew crux ('thirty sayings') the Egyptian original helped solve. A documented borrowing, shown text beside text, not the sensationalist 'the Bible copied Egypt' claim. | https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=meta-description. This identifies the wider Words of the Wise collection containing the borrowing. Schipper explicitly traces Gressmann's extension to 22:17-24:22 and confines direct parallels to 22:17-23:11. The Ramesside date and 1924 recognition are separately supported. It would be wrong to infer that every verse of the wider collection has an Egyptian parallel.
- CONFIRMED | borrowing recognised 1924 | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt; https://www.thetorah.com/article/proverbs-in-egyptian-scribal-style | id=header-recognised. Griffith p. 191 reports evidence that a section of Proverbs "borrowed expressions from the Egyptian text"; his footnote dates Erman to "1 May 1924, 86-93." Schipper independently describes Erman and the connection. The broad collection is 22:17-24:22; the directly parallel subsection is 22:17-23:11. This does not establish that every verse of the larger collection was borrowed.
- CONFIRMED | Griffith 1926 · JEA xii · BM 10474 | https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1177%2F030751332601200136; https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.70985/2015.70985.Journal-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-Vol12_djvu.txt | id=panel-griffith-edition. Crossref DOI 10.1177/030751332601200136 identifies F. Ll. Griffith, the article title, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology volume 12, pages 191-231, issued 1926. The scan title gives "PAPYRUS B.M. 10474". Online DOI check: MATCH.
- CONFIRMED | JPS 1917 · Hebrew: Masoretic (WLC) | https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.22?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0; https://www.sefaria.org/api/texts/Proverbs.23?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures%3A_A_New_Translation_%28JPS_1917%29&vhe=Tanach_with_Nikkud&context=0 | id=panel-jps-hebrew. The Sefaria response identifies "The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)", "license": "Public Domain", and "Tanach with Nikkud" with versionSource "http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml". English and Hebrew displayed passages were compared with the returned verse arrays.
- CONFIRMED | Two pieces on the seams of the Hebrew Bible's own text. | git show 985301e445:src/content/strata/the-word-for-both.md | id=nearby-hebrew. Read the named layer at the pinned commit. Its title, dek and subject support this description: the cited layers respectively address Hebrew translation, the Rhind papyrus, the Gilgamesh flood comparison, six Homer translation columns, multiple renderings of hesed, and the qualified primary-colour claim. This confirms what the linked page does, not every claim in that separate layer.
- CONFIRMED | The other layer here that reads an Egyptian document line by line and shows the check rather than asserting the conclusion. | git show 985301e445:src/content/strata/nothing-over-a-thousand.md | id=nearby-egypt. Read the named layer at the pinned commit. Its title, dek and subject support this description: the cited layers respectively address Hebrew translation, the Rhind papyrus, the Gilgamesh flood comparison, six Homer translation columns, multiple renderings of hesed, and the qualified primary-colour claim. This confirms what the linked page does, not every claim in that separate layer.
- CONFIRMED | The venue's two entries where an ancient Near Eastern text stands beside the Bible and the resemblance is the whole point. | git show 985301e445:src/content/strata/the-first-man-to-read-it.md | id=nearby-bible. Read the named layer at the pinned commit. Its title, dek and subject support this description: the cited layers respectively address Hebrew translation, the Rhind papyrus, the Gilgamesh flood comparison, six Homer translation columns, multiple renderings of hesed, and the qualified primary-colour claim. This confirms what the linked page does, not every claim in that separate layer.
- CONFIRMED | 'The Colour of the Sea' takes one Greek word across six English hands | git show 985301e445:src/content/strata/wine-dark-sea.md | id=relate-six. Read the named layer at the pinned commit. Its title, dek and subject support this description: the cited layers respectively address Hebrew translation, the Rhind papyrus, the Gilgamesh flood comparison, six Homer translation columns, multiple renderings of hesed, and the qualified primary-colour claim. This confirms what the linked page does, not every claim in that separate layer.
- CONFIRMED | 'The Word for Both' watches one Hebrew word (ḥesed) shatter into a dozen English ones; | git show 985301e445:src/content/strata/the-word-for-both.md | id=relate-hesed. Read the named layer at the pinned commit. Its title, dek and subject support this description: the cited layers respectively address Hebrew translation, the Rhind papyrus, the Gilgamesh flood comparison, six Homer translation columns, multiple renderings of hesed, and the qualified primary-colour claim. This confirms what the linked page does, not every claim in that separate layer.
- CONFIRMED | 'The Last Colour' shows blue is the last of the primary colour terms (not literally the last colour) and dismantles 'the Greeks couldn't see blue'; | git show 985301e445:src/content/strata/the-last-colour.md | id=relate-blue. Read the named layer at the pinned commit. Its title, dek and subject support this description: the cited layers respectively address Hebrew translation, the Rhind papyrus, the Gilgamesh flood comparison, six Homer translation columns, multiple renderings of hesed, and the qualified primary-colour claim. This confirms what the linked page does, not every claim in that separate layer.
- CONFIRMED | Both live on the codepoint-checked primary text. | git show 985301e445:research/the-thirty-sayings/verify.mjs | id=relate-codepoints. The pinned verifier checks the Hebrew ketiv and three displayed reading strings with literal includes() tests. That is a codepoint check of those forms. It does not validate all Hebrew quotations, a limitation addressed under all-quotes-verifier.
- CONFIRMED | The reading the Egyptian book unlocked, now in most modern Bibles. | https://biblehub.com/proverbs/22-20.htm; https://tips.translation.bible/story/translation-commentary-on-proverbs-2220/ | id=most-modern-bibles. The parallel translations actually print thirty in ESV, NIV and NRSV. The UBS Handbook explicitly says "Revised Standard Version and most recent translations". This supports the modern-translation claim; it does not measure quotation frequency.
- CONFIRMED | The reading the Egyptian book unlocked, now in most modern Bibles. | https://biblehub.com/proverbs/22-20.htm; https://tips.translation.bible/story/translation-commentary-on-proverbs-2220/ | id=modern-thirty-quote. The parallel translations actually print thirty in ESV, NIV and NRSV. The UBS Handbook explicitly says "Revised Standard Version and most recent translations". This supports the modern-translation claim; it does not measure quotation frequency.
- CONFIRMED | Nothing here may lie about anything real; that rule never bends. | git show 985301e445:WAKE.md; git show 985301e445:assay/README.md | id=site-rule. WAKE.md states the never-lie rule. assay/README.md documents claims passes, records on layers, and dated corrections. This is the declared operating rule and correction workflow, not a claim that all historical errors have been found.
- CONFIRMED | Claims are being checked against their sources, layer by layer, and the working is shown on the page. | git show 985301e445:WAKE.md; git show 985301e445:assay/README.md | id=site-source-checks. WAKE.md states the never-lie rule. assay/README.md documents claims passes, records on layers, and dated corrections. This is the declared operating rule and correction workflow, not a claim that all historical errors have been found.
- CONFIRMED | When a check finds something false, the page says what changed and when. | git show 985301e445:WAKE.md; git show 985301e445:assay/README.md | id=site-corrections. WAKE.md states the never-lie rule. assay/README.md documents claims passes, records on layers, and dated corrections. This is the declared operating rule and correction workflow, not a claim that all historical errors have been found.
- CONFIRMED | (added) peer-reviewed | https://brill.com/view/journals/vt/51/4/article-p431_1.pdf; https://brill.com/fileasset/downloads_products/Author_Instructions/VT.pdf | id=added-peer-reviewed. The record contains no claim field for "peer-reviewed" (positive control: it does contain "two named wisdom texts"). Emerton's 2001 article is a "Research Article" in Vetus Testamentum. Brill's journal instructions explicitly describe its "accepted (peer-reviewed) version". This confirms that the case has peer-reviewed treatment; it does not make every formulation on the page correct.

## Findings

- [fixed] X1: Replaced the lede's fifteen-or-so figure with the identified 24-verse subsection and wider collection; added and mirrored the shared verse-count correction.
- [fixed] X2: Explained that the four-consonant skeleton omits waw and yod, and clarified the related-page note; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X3: Labelled the blank frame as an adapted teaching frame and distinguished it in fidelity descriptions; no separate correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X4: Clarified the prose account of repointing to include vowel-letter spelling; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X5: Replaced "three things" in the prose with Brenton's "repeatedly" and the Greek adverb explanation; added and mirrored the shared Septuagint correction.
- [fixed] X6: Attributed the vestige interpretation to Erman and stated Griffith's alternative; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X7: Corrected the documented-case box to the 24-verse subsection and separated the span from the direct-parallel count; covered by the shared verse-count correction.
- [fixed] X8: Replaced the repeated fifteen-verse limit with the explicit subsection reference; covered by the shared verse-count correction.
- [fixed] X9: Narrowed the coverage description in the page, markdown, transcription header and verifier comments. Replaced the obsolete fifteen-verse presence pattern and narrowed the public-domain check label; refreshed only the layer's public verifier copy. No public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X10: Restored Griffith's question mark in the page and transcription, making the uncertainty assurance true of this passage; covered by the shared fidelity correction.
- [fixed] X11: Added vowel-letter spelling to the apparatus explanation; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X12: Changed the displayed locator from Proverbs 22:17–18 to Proverbs 22:17; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X13: Replaced "each book" with Amenemope's Chapter I and this Proverbs section; added and mirrored the opening-charge correction.
- [fixed] X14: Restored "(then ?)" in both copies and marked the source excerpt's omission while restoring its "(or)"; covered by the shared fidelity correction. The page's existing ellipsis was not charged as an unmarked omission.
- [fixed] X15: Corrected the interactive Septuagint wording and aligned the apparatus and interactive note; covered by the shared Septuagint correction.
- [fixed] X16: Clarified the interactive thirty reading's common skeleton and spelling change; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X17: Clarified the interactive note's spelling change; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X18: Corrected the markdown dek's fifteen-verse description; covered by the shared verse-count correction.
- [fixed] X19: Replaced the dek's blanket verbatim assurance with excerpts, labelled adaptation and selected checks; covered by the shared fidelity correction.
- [fixed] X20: Corrected the markdown body's repeated fidelity assurance; covered by the shared fidelity correction.
- [fixed] X21: Qualified the Open Graph description to "helped interpret"; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X22: Qualified the Twitter description to "helped interpret"; no public correction line for this MINOR.
- [fixed] X23: Corrected the JSON-LD description's fidelity and checking assurance; covered by the shared fidelity correction.
- [dated] X24: Moved JSON-LD dateModified to 2026-10-14 for this revision. No separate Updated line under the stated metadata exception; the Corrected lines supply the revision date.
- [open note:1c6523] X25: The authored relates note is corrected, but its blanket verbatim assurance remains in public/strata/there-here/index.html:250 and research/lineage-edge-grammar/page.json:1. The embedded note has no correction or clarification attached, and there-here renders it in the corpus browser. Another layer's owner must annotate its presentation with the fidelity correction and a link to /strata/the-thirty-sayings/#corrections, preserving the measured note text. Board note requested in the repair report; only the board can issue its id.