The Sum Nobody Knew: sources and terms

This page ships two frozen files, claimant-record.json and pfungst-ledger.json. Both are this page's
own transcriptions of printed counts, printed numbers and short attributed quotations, made on
2026-09-22 from the page images and texts listed below. Neither file copies a text, a scan or an OCR
file. Translations of German passages are the page's own and are labelled as such on the page.

1. Oskar Pfungst, Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. von Osten): A Contribution to Experimental Animal and
   Human Psychology, translated by Carl L. Rahn, introduction by C. Stumpf. New York: Henry Holt and
   Company, 1911.
   Read through the Project Gutenberg edition, https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33936, whose licence
   (https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html) says the eBook may be used "for nearly any purpose
   such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research" and tells readers outside
   the United States to check the laws of their own country. The translator's dates were not found, so
   this page ships no copy of the text; it quotes short passages with attribution and takes counts as
   facts. Page numbers checked against the Internet Archive scan
   https://archive.org/details/cu31924024783973 (no item-level licence field).

2. Oskar Pfungst, Das Pferd des Herrn von Osten (Der kluge Hans). Ein Beitrag zur experimentellen
   Tier- und Menschen-Psychologie, mit einer Einleitung von Prof. Dr. C. Stumpf. Leipzig: Johann
   Ambrosius Barth, 1907.
   Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/daspferddesherr00stumgoog, marked
   possible-copyright-status NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT. The Google-digitised scan carries Google's request for
   non-commercial use; this page ships no part of the scan. Pages 32, 33, 45 and 46 were read on the
   page images.

3. Psychologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin, Sitzungsberichte, session of 5 January 1905, printed in
   Zeitschrift fuer paedagogische Psychologie, Pathologie und Hygiene, ed. F. Kemsies and L. Hirschlaff,
   Berlin: Hermann Walther, 6. Jahrgang (1904), pp. 470 to 471.
   Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_fS4XAAAAYAAJ, which carries the Creative Commons
   Public Domain Mark 1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). Pages 470 and 471 were read on
   the page images (leaves 479 and 480).

4. Karl Krall, Denkende Tiere. Beitraege zur Tierseelenkunde auf Grund eigener Versuche. Der kluge Hans
   und meine Pferde Muhamed und Zarif. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1912.
   Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/denkendetierebei00kral (no licence field; copy of the
   Webster Family Library of Veterinary Medicine). Short quotations and trial facts only. Pages 162 and
   163 were read on the page images (leaves 185 and 186).

5. Cited, not copied:
   Laasya Samhita and Hans J. Gross, The "Clever Hans Phenomenon" revisited, Communicative & Integrative
   Biology 6(6): e27122, 2013, doi:10.4161/cib.27122 (CC BY-NC, per Europe PMC).
   Matyas Moravec, How a 'psychic' horse named Clever Hans changed the way we do science, The
   Conversation, republished by Phys.org on 27 August 2026,
   https://phys.org/news/2026-08-psychic-horse-clever-hans-science.html.
   Horst Gundlach, Carl Stumpf, Oskar Pfungst, der Kluge Hans und eine geglueckte Vernebelungsaktion,
   Psychologische Rundschau 57(2): 96 to 105, 2006, doi:10.1026/0033-3042.57.2.96 (abstract only).
   A. K. Pathak, M. Gupta and G. Jain, Unmasking the Clever Hans effect in AI models, Frontiers in
   Artificial Intelligence 8: 1692454, published 9 January 2026, doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1692454.

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